This article reviews theories and conceptual models that may be helpful in evaluating quality of care in rehabilitation, with a focus on the seminal Donabedian model of structure, process, and outcomes. In addition, this article reviews a variety of new theories and conceptual models that have been developed to expand the Donabedian model in areas specific to rehabilitation (eg, the multidisciplinary team, assistive technology), and it covers new approaches developed to help with implementing changes to improve quality. Directions for future research and development are identified, including the need for consensus and consistent use of terminology and measures and the need for quality measures with greater breadth, depth, and granularity that capture the complex interactions between the structure and processes of care unique to rehabilitation of physical disability.