Induction of plasma (TRAIL), TNFR-2, Fas ligand, and plasma microparticles after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: implications for HIV-1 vaccine design.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
The death of CD4(+) CCR5(+) T cells is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We studied the plasma levels of cell death mediators and products--tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas ligand, TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR-2), and plasma microparticles--during the earliest stages of infection following HIV type 1 (HIV-1) transmission in plasma samples from U.S. plasma donors. Significant plasma TRAIL level elevations occurred a mean of 7.2 days before the peak of plasma viral load (VL), while TNFR-2, Fas ligand, and microparticle level elevations occurred concurrently with maximum VL. Microparticles had been previously shown to mediate immunosuppressive effects on T cells and macrophages. We found that T-cell apoptotic microparticles also potently suppressed in vitro immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody production by memory B cells. Thus, release of TRAIL during the onset of plasma viremia (i.e., the eclipse phase) in HIV-1 transmission may initiate or amplify early HIV-1-induced cell death. The window of opportunity for a HIV-1 vaccine is from the time of HIV-1 transmission until establishment of the latently infected CD4(+) T cells. Release of products of cell death and subsequent immunosuppression following HIV-1 transmission could potentially narrow the window of opportunity during which a vaccine is able to extinguish HIV-1 infection and could place severe constraints on the amount of time available for the immune system to respond to the transmitted virus.
Full Text
Duke Authors
- Denny, Thomas Norton
- Ferrari, Guido
- Haynes, Barton Ford
- Miller, Sara Elizabeth
- Moody, Michael Anthony
- Pisetsky, David Stephen
- Weinhold, Kent James
Cited Authors
- Gasper-Smith, N; Crossman, DM; Whitesides, JF; Mensali, N; Ottinger, JS; Plonk, SG; Moody, MA; Ferrari, G; Weinhold, KJ; Miller, SE; Reich, CF; Qin, L; Self, SG; Shaw, GM; Denny, TN; Jones, LE; Pisetsky, DS; Haynes, BF
Published Date
- August 2008
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 82 / 15
Start / End Page
- 7700 - 7710
PubMed ID
- 18508902
Pubmed Central ID
- PMC2493338
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1098-5514
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1128/JVI.00605-08
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States