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Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Snow, BW; Arunachalam, K; De Luca, V; Maccarini, PF; Klemetsen, O; Birkelund, Y; Pysher, TJ; Stauffer, PR
Published in: Journal of pediatric urology
December 2011

To investigate a novel non-invasive device developed to warm bladder urine and to measure kidney temperature to detect vesicoureteral reflux.Microwave antennas focused energy within the bladder. Phantom experiments measured the results. The heating protocol was optimized in an in-vivo porcine model, and then tested once, twice and three times consecutively in three pigs followed by pathologic examinations.Computer simulations showed a dual concentric conductor square slot antenna to be the best. Phantom studies revealed that this antenna easily heated a bladder phantom without over heating intervening layers. In-vivo a bladder heating protocol of 3 min with 30 W each to two adjacent antennas 45 s on 15 s off followed by 15 min of 15 s on and 45 s off was sufficient. When pigs were heated once, twice and three times with this heating protocol, pathologic examination of all tissues in the heated area showed no thermal changes. More intensive heating in the animal may have resulted in damage to muscle fibers in the anterior abdominal wall.Selective warming of bladder urine was successfully demonstrated in phantom and animals. Localized heating for this novel vesicoureteral reflux device requires low-power levels and should be safe for humans.

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Published In

Journal of pediatric urology

DOI

EISSN

1873-4898

ISSN

1477-5131

Publication Date

December 2011

Volume

7

Issue

6

Start / End Page

624 / 630

Related Subject Headings

  • Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Urine
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Temperature
  • Sus scrofa
  • Microwaves
  • Kidney
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Hot Temperature
 

Citation

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Snow, B. W., Arunachalam, K., De Luca, V., Maccarini, P. F., Klemetsen, O., Birkelund, Y., … Stauffer, P. R. (2011). Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 7(6), 624–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.05.005
Snow, B. W., K. Arunachalam, V. De Luca, P. F. Maccarini, O. Klemetsen, Y. Birkelund, T. J. Pysher, and P. R. Stauffer. “Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device.Journal of Pediatric Urology 7, no. 6 (December 2011): 624–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.05.005.
Snow BW, Arunachalam K, De Luca V, Maccarini PF, Klemetsen O, Birkelund Y, et al. Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device. Journal of pediatric urology. 2011 Dec;7(6):624–30.
Snow, B. W., et al. “Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device.Journal of Pediatric Urology, vol. 7, no. 6, Dec. 2011, pp. 624–30. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.05.005.
Snow BW, Arunachalam K, De Luca V, Maccarini PF, Klemetsen O, Birkelund Y, Pysher TJ, Stauffer PR. Non-invasive vesicoureteral reflux detection: heating risk studies for a new device. Journal of pediatric urology. 2011 Dec;7(6):624–630.
Journal cover image

Published In

Journal of pediatric urology

DOI

EISSN

1873-4898

ISSN

1477-5131

Publication Date

December 2011

Volume

7

Issue

6

Start / End Page

624 / 630

Related Subject Headings

  • Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Urine
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Temperature
  • Sus scrofa
  • Microwaves
  • Kidney
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Hot Temperature