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Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"?

Publication ,  Journal Article
Masko, EM; Thomas, JA; Antonelli, JA; Lloyd, JC; Phillips, TE; Poulton, SH; Dewhirst, MW; Pizzo, SV; Freedland, SJ
Published in: Cancer Prev Res (Phila)
September 2010

Previous studies indicate that carbohydrate intake influences prostate cancer biology, as mice fed a no-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (NCKD) had significantly smaller xenograft tumors and longer survival than mice fed a Western diet. As it is nearly impossible for humans to consume and maintain NCKD, we determined whether diets containing 10% or 20% carbohydrate kcal showed similar tumor growth as NCKD. A total of 150 male severe combined immunodeficient mice were fed a Western diet ad libitum, injected with the human prostate cancer cell line LAPC-4, and then randomized 2 weeks later to one of three arms: NCKD, 10% carbohydrate, or 20% carbohydrate diets. Ten mice not injected were fed an ad libitum low-fat diet (12% fat kcal) serving as the reference in a modified-paired feeding protocol. Mice were sacrificed when tumors reached 1,000 mm(3). Despite consuming extra calories, all mice receiving low-carbohydrate diets were significantly lighter than those receiving a low-fat diet (P < 0.04). Among the low-carbohydrate arms, NCKD-fed mice were significantly lighter than the 10% or 20% carbohydrate groups (P < 0.05). Tumors were significantly larger in the 10% carbohydrate group on days 52 and 59 (P < 0.05), but at no other point during the study. Diet did not affect survival (P = 0.34). There were no differences in serum insulin-like growth factor-I or insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 at sacrifice among the low-carbohydrate arms (P = 0.07 and P = 0.55, respectively). Insulin was significantly lower in the 20% carbohydrate arm (P = 0.03). LAPC-4 xenograft mice fed a low-carbohydrate diet (10-20% carbohydrate kcal) had similar survival as mice consuming NCKD (0% carbohydrate kcal).

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Published In

Cancer Prev Res (Phila)

DOI

EISSN

1940-6215

Publication Date

September 2010

Volume

3

Issue

9

Start / End Page

1124 / 1131

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
  • Tumor Burden
  • Prostatic Neoplasms
  • Oncology & Carcinogenesis
  • Mice, SCID
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Graft Survival
 

Citation

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MLA
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Masko, E. M., Thomas, J. A., Antonelli, J. A., Lloyd, J. C., Phillips, T. E., Poulton, S. H., … Freedland, S. J. (2010). Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"? Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 3(9), 1124–1131. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0071
Masko, Elizabeth M., Jean A. Thomas, Jodi A. Antonelli, Jessica C. Lloyd, Tameika E. Phillips, Susan H. Poulton, Mark W. Dewhirst, Salvatore V. Pizzo, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"?Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 3, no. 9 (September 2010): 1124–31. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0071.
Masko EM, Thomas JA, Antonelli JA, Lloyd JC, Phillips TE, Poulton SH, et al. Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"? Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Sep;3(9):1124–31.
Masko, Elizabeth M., et al. “Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"?Cancer Prev Res (Phila), vol. 3, no. 9, Sept. 2010, pp. 1124–31. Pubmed, doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0071.
Masko EM, Thomas JA, Antonelli JA, Lloyd JC, Phillips TE, Poulton SH, Dewhirst MW, Pizzo SV, Freedland SJ. Low-carbohydrate diets and prostate cancer: how low is "low enough"? Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Sep;3(9):1124–1131.

Published In

Cancer Prev Res (Phila)

DOI

EISSN

1940-6215

Publication Date

September 2010

Volume

3

Issue

9

Start / End Page

1124 / 1131

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
  • Tumor Burden
  • Prostatic Neoplasms
  • Oncology & Carcinogenesis
  • Mice, SCID
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Graft Survival