Neuroimaging technologies provide a powerful approach to exploring the genetic basis of individual differences in complex behaviors and vulnerability to neuropsychiatric illness. Functional MRI studies have established important physiologic links between genetic polymorphisms and robust differences in information processing within distinct brain regions and circuits that have been linked to the manifestation of various disease. Neuroimaging technologies represent a critical tool in efforts to understand the neurobiology of normal and pathologic behavioral states. Research capitalizing on neuroimagingbased integration will contribute to the identification of predictive markers and biologic pathways for neuropsychiatric disease vulnerability and the generation of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.