Induction of urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following administration of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin, alone and in combination in rats.
Journal Article
In this study, we determined levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in rat urine following administration of a single oral dose of 13 mg/kg pyridostigmine bromide (PB) (3-dimethylaminocarbonyloxy-N-methylpyridinum bromide), a single dermal dose of 400 mg/kg N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and a single dermal dose of 1.3 mg/kg permethrin, alone and in combination. Urine samples were collected from five treated and five control rats at 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h following dosing. Solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 274 nm was used for the determination of tyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine. A single oral dose of PB and a single dermal dose of DEET or their combination significantly (P<0.05) increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine starting 24 h after dosing compared with control urine samples. The maximum increase of 3-nitroytyrosine was detected 48 h after combined administration of PB and DEET. The ratio of 3-nitrotyrosine to tyrosine in urine excreted 48 h after dosing was 0.19+/-0.04, 0.20+/-0.05, 0.28+/-0.03, 0.32+/-0.04, 0.19+/-0.05, 0.42+/-0.04, 0.27+/-0.03, 0.36+/-0.04, and 0.48+/-0.04 following administration of water, ethanol, PB, DEET, permethrin, PB+DEET, PB+permethrin, DEET+permethrin, and PB+DEET+permethrin, respectively. The results indicate that an oral dose of PB and a dermal administration of DEET, alone and in combination, could generate free radical species, and thus increase levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in rat urine. Induction of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following exposure to these compounds could be significant in understanding the proposed enhanced toxicity following combined exposure to these compounds.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Abu-Qare, AW; Suliman, HB; Abou-Donia, MB
Published Date
- April 30, 2001
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 121 / 2
Start / End Page
- 127 - 134
PubMed ID
- 11325563
Pubmed Central ID
- 11325563
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0378-4274
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00330-7
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- Netherlands