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Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Goodwin, SD; Gallis, HA; Chow, AT; Wong, FA; Flor, SC; Bartlett, JA
Published in: Antimicrob Agents Chemother
April 1994

Levofloxacin, the bacteriologically active isomer of ofloxacin, has microbiologic activity against many pathogens common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, including Mycoplasma species which may be cofactors in the progression of HIV disease. The purpose of this phase I, double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin hemihydrate in 10 asymptomatic HIV-infected males. Plasma concentrations by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were evaluated for 48 h after a single 350-mg oral dose, at morning predose during the multiple-dosing phase, and for 72 h at steady state after a week of 350 mg every 8 h orally. Mean +/- standard deviation levofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters (by noncompartmental moment method) after multiple dosing were as follows: area under the concentration-time curve, 31.24 +/- 5.60 mg.h/liter; apparent total body clearance, 11.18 +/- 1.76 liters/h; renal clearance, 8.63 +/- 2.82 liters/h; steady-state volume of distribution, 104.10 +/- 12.48 liters; and effective half-life, 6.50 +/- 0.51 h. Single-dose parameters were not significantly different from the multiple-dose parameters, with the exception of peak concentrations in plasma, which were 4.79 +/- 1.00 and 6.92 +/- 1.56 mg/liter for single- and multiple-dose data, respectively. Essentially identical parameter values were obtained from curve-fitting analysis when the entire 13-day plasma concentration profiles of the subjects were analyzed simultaneously by a two-compartmental distribution model. Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients remained linear upon multiple dosing. The dosing regimen studied provides levels in plasma and urine well above those found to be effective in vitro against pathogens common in HIV-infected patients. Levofloxacin was well- tolerated in this group of asymptomatic HIV-infected males: there were no statistically significant differences in adverse effects in the two groups (P = 0.22). Use of placebo control helped to differentiate disease-related adverse effects from those related to the study drug.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

DOI

ISSN

0066-4804

Publication Date

April 1994

Volume

38

Issue

4

Start / End Page

799 / 804

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tissue Distribution
  • Ofloxacin
  • Microbiology
  • Male
  • Levofloxacin
  • Humans
  • Half-Life
  • HIV Infections
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Goodwin, S. D., Gallis, H. A., Chow, A. T., Wong, F. A., Flor, S. C., & Bartlett, J. A. (1994). Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 38(4), 799–804. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.38.4.799
Goodwin, S. D., H. A. Gallis, A. T. Chow, F. A. Wong, S. C. Flor, and J. A. Bartlett. “Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38, no. 4 (April 1994): 799–804. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.38.4.799.
Goodwin SD, Gallis HA, Chow AT, Wong FA, Flor SC, Bartlett JA. Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Apr;38(4):799–804.
Goodwin, S. D., et al. “Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol. 38, no. 4, Apr. 1994, pp. 799–804. Pubmed, doi:10.1128/AAC.38.4.799.
Goodwin SD, Gallis HA, Chow AT, Wong FA, Flor SC, Bartlett JA. Pharmacokinetics and safety of levofloxacin in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Apr;38(4):799–804.

Published In

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

DOI

ISSN

0066-4804

Publication Date

April 1994

Volume

38

Issue

4

Start / End Page

799 / 804

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tissue Distribution
  • Ofloxacin
  • Microbiology
  • Male
  • Levofloxacin
  • Humans
  • Half-Life
  • HIV Infections
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid