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Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Cavanaugh, LA; Cutright, KM; Luce, MF; Bettman, JR
Published in: Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
February 2011

We examine the conditions under which the distinct positive emotions of hope versus pride facilitate more or less fluid cognitive processing. Using individuals' naturally occurring time of day preferences (i.e., morning vs. evening hours), we show that specific positive emotions can differentially influence processing resources. We argue that specific positive emotions are more likely to influence processing and behavior during nonoptimal times of day, when association-based processing is more likely. We show in three experiments that hope, pride, and a neutral state differentially influence fluid processing on cognitive tasks. Incidental hope facilitates fluid processing during nonoptimal times of day (compared with pride and neutral), improving performance on tasks requiring fluid intelligence (Experiment 1) and increasing valuation estimates on tasks requiring that preferences be constructed on the spot (Experiments 2 and 3). We also provide evidence that these differences in preference and valuation occur through a process of increased imagination (Experiment 3). We contribute to emotion theory by showing that different positive emotions have different implications for processing during nonoptimal times of day.

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Published In

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

DOI

EISSN

1931-1516

ISSN

1528-3542

Publication Date

February 2011

Volume

11

Issue

1

Start / End Page

38 / 46

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Emotions
  • Cognition
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Aged
 

Citation

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Cavanaugh, L. A., Cutright, K. M., Luce, M. F., & Bettman, J. R. (2011). Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 11(1), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022016
Cavanaugh, Lisa A., Keisha M. Cutright, Mary Frances Luce, and James R. Bettman. “Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 11, no. 1 (February 2011): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022016.
Cavanaugh LA, Cutright KM, Luce MF, Bettman JR. Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day. Emotion (Washington, DC). 2011 Feb;11(1):38–46.
Cavanaugh, Lisa A., et al. “Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day.Emotion (Washington, D.C.), vol. 11, no. 1, Feb. 2011, pp. 38–46. Epmc, doi:10.1037/a0022016.
Cavanaugh LA, Cutright KM, Luce MF, Bettman JR. Hope, pride, and processing during optimal and nonoptimal times of day. Emotion (Washington, DC). 2011 Feb;11(1):38–46.

Published In

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)

DOI

EISSN

1931-1516

ISSN

1528-3542

Publication Date

February 2011

Volume

11

Issue

1

Start / End Page

38 / 46

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Emotions
  • Cognition
  • Circadian Rhythm
  • Aged