Subsurface charge accumulation imaging is a cryogenic scanning probe technique that has recently been used to spatially probe incompressible strips formed in a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at high magnetic fields. In this paper, we present a detailed numerical modeling of these data. At a basic level, the method produces results that agree well with the predictions of models based on simple circuit elements. Moreover, the modeling method is sufficiently advanced to simulate spatially resolved measurements. By comparing directly the simulations to the experimentally measured data, we can extract quantitatively local electronic features of the 2DES. In particular, we deduce the electron density of states inside the incompressible strips and electrical resistance across them.