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The essential sequence elements required for RNAP II carboxyl-terminal domain function in yeast and their evolutionary conservation.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Liu, P; Greenleaf, AL; Stiller, JW
Published in: Mol Biol Evol
April 2008

The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II is the staging platform for numerous proteins involved in transcription initiation, mRNA processing, and general coordination of nuclear events. Concordant with these central roles in cellular metabolism, the consensus sequence, tandemly repeated structure, and core functions of the CTD are conserved across diverse eukaryotic lineages; however, in other eukaryotes, the CTD has been allowed to degenerate completely. Even in groups where the CTD is strongly conserved, genetic analyses and comparative genomic investigations show that a variety of individual substitutions and insertions are permissible. Therefore, the specific functional constraints reflected by the CTD's conservation across much of eukaryotic evolution have remained somewhat puzzling. Here we propose a hypothesis to explain that strong conservation in budding yeast, based on both comparative and experimental evidence. Through genetic complementation for CTD function, we identify 2 sequence elements contained within pairs of heptapeptides, "Y(1)-Y(8)" and "S(2)-S(5)-S(9)," which are required for all essential CTD functions in yeast. The dual requirements of these motifs can account for strong purifying selection on the canonical CTD heptapeptide. Further, in vitro analysis of GST-CTD fusion proteins as substrates for multiple CTD-directed kinases show reduced phosphorylation efficiencies with increased distance between functional units. This indicates that requirements of the RNAP II phosphorylation cycle are most likely responsible for the strong purifying selection on tandemly repeated CTD structure.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Mol Biol Evol

DOI

EISSN

1537-1719

Publication Date

April 2008

Volume

25

Issue

4

Start / End Page

719 / 727

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • RNA Polymerase II
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Kinases
  • Protein Binding
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phenotype
 

Citation

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Liu, P., Greenleaf, A. L., & Stiller, J. W. (2008). The essential sequence elements required for RNAP II carboxyl-terminal domain function in yeast and their evolutionary conservation. Mol Biol Evol, 25(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn017
Liu, Pengda, Arno L. Greenleaf, and John W. Stiller. “The essential sequence elements required for RNAP II carboxyl-terminal domain function in yeast and their evolutionary conservation.Mol Biol Evol 25, no. 4 (April 2008): 719–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn017.
Liu, Pengda, et al. “The essential sequence elements required for RNAP II carboxyl-terminal domain function in yeast and their evolutionary conservation.Mol Biol Evol, vol. 25, no. 4, Apr. 2008, pp. 719–27. Pubmed, doi:10.1093/molbev/msn017.
Journal cover image

Published In

Mol Biol Evol

DOI

EISSN

1537-1719

Publication Date

April 2008

Volume

25

Issue

4

Start / End Page

719 / 727

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • RNA Polymerase II
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein Kinases
  • Protein Binding
  • Phosphorylation
  • Phenotype