Research examining the psychological and psychosocial effects of chronic dialysis has produced numerous controversial issues, such as the role of denial in emotional adjustment and the relationship of intelligence of vocational rehabilitation in dialysis patients. Inconsistent findings leading to these controversies are attributable in part to variance in research design and to shortcomings in methodology and reporting of data. The present article briefly reviews methodological factors not previously addressed in critiques of dialysis research, focusing on subject selection, subject description, illness measures, assessment procedures, conditions of testing, comparison groups, and data analysis. It is concluded that consideration of these factors in the design and conduct of studies will enhance the quality of research in this area.