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A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Vitaliano, PP; Scanlan, JM; Zhang, J; Savage, MV; Hirsch, IB; Siegler, IC
Published in: Psychosom Med
2002

OBJECTIVE: We tested a theoretical stress model cross-sectionally and prospectively that examined whether relationships of chronic stress, psychophysiology, and coronary heart disease (CHD) varied in older adult men (N = 47), older adult women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (N = 64), and older adult women using HRT (N = 41). METHOD: Structural equations examined relationships of CHD with 1) chronic stress (caring for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease and patient functioning), 2) vulnerability (anger and hostility), 3) social resources (supports), 4) psychological distress (burden, sleep problems, and low uplifts), 5) poor health habits (high-caloric, high-fat diet and limited exercise), and 6) the metabolic syndrome (MS) (blood pressure, obesity, insulin, glucose, and lipids). RESULTS: Caregiver men had a greater prevalence of CHD (13/24) than did noncaregiver men (6/23) (p <.05) 27 to 30 months after study entry. This was influenced by pathways from caregiving to distress, distress to the MS, and the MS to CHD. In men, poor health habits predicted the MS 15 to 18 months later, and the MS predicted new CHD cases over 27 to 30 months. In women, no "caregiving-CHD" relationship occurred; however, 15 to 18 months after study entry women not using HRT showed "distress-MS" and "MS-CHD" relationships. In women using HRT, associations did not occur among distress, the MS, and CHD, but poor health habits and the MS were related. CONCLUSIONS: In older men, pathways occurred from chronic stress to distress to the metabolic syndrome, which in turn predicted CHD. Older women not using HRT showed fewer pathways than men; however, over time, distress, the MS, and CHD were related. No psychophysiological pathways occurred in older women using HRT.

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Published In

Psychosom Med

DOI

ISSN

0033-3174

Publication Date

2002

Volume

64

Issue

3

Start / End Page

418 / 435

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Stress, Psychological
  • Risk Factors
  • Psychiatry
  • Prospective Studies
  • Models, Psychological
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Male
  • Life Style
  • Humans
  • Health Behavior
 

Citation

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ICMJE
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Vitaliano, P. P., Scanlan, J. M., Zhang, J., Savage, M. V., Hirsch, I. B., & Siegler, I. C. (2002). A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med, 64(3), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200205000-00006
Vitaliano, Peter P., James M. Scanlan, Jianping Zhang, Margaret V. Savage, Irl B. Hirsch, and Ilene C. Siegler. “A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease.Psychosom Med 64, no. 3 (2002): 418–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200205000-00006.
Vitaliano PP, Scanlan JM, Zhang J, Savage MV, Hirsch IB, Siegler IC. A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(3):418–35.
Vitaliano, Peter P., et al. “A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease.Psychosom Med, vol. 64, no. 3, 2002, pp. 418–35. Pubmed, doi:10.1097/00006842-200205000-00006.
Vitaliano PP, Scanlan JM, Zhang J, Savage MV, Hirsch IB, Siegler IC. A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(3):418–435.

Published In

Psychosom Med

DOI

ISSN

0033-3174

Publication Date

2002

Volume

64

Issue

3

Start / End Page

418 / 435

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Stress, Psychological
  • Risk Factors
  • Psychiatry
  • Prospective Studies
  • Models, Psychological
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Male
  • Life Style
  • Humans
  • Health Behavior