Active glycation in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease: N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl) lysine and hexitol-lysine.
Published
Journal Article
Advanced glycation end products are a diverse class of posttranslational modifications, stemming from reactive aldehyde reactions, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of degenerative diseases. Because advanced glycation end products are accelerated by, and result in formation of, oxygen-derived free radicals, they represent an important component of the oxidative stress hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). In this study, we used in situ techniques to assess N(epsilon)-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), the predominant advanced glycation end product that accumulates in vivo, along with its glycation-specific precursor hexitol-lysine, in patients with AD as well as in young and aged-matched control cases. Both CML and hexitol-lysine were increased in neurons, especially those containing intracellular neurofibrillary pathology in cases of AD. The increase in hexitol-lysine and CML in AD suggests that glycation is an early event in disease pathogenesis. In addition, because CML can result from either lipid peroxidation or advanced glycation, while hexitol-lysine is solely a product of glycation, this study, together with studies demonstrating the presence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts and pentosidine, provides evidence of two distinct oxidative processes acting in concert in AD neuropathology. Our findings support the notion that aldehyde-mediated modifications, together with oxyradical-mediated modifications, are critical pathogenic factors in AD.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Castellani, RJ; Harris, PL; Sayre, LM; Fujii, J; Taniguchi, N; Vitek, MP; Founds, H; Atwood, CS; Perry, G; Smith, MA
Published Date
- July 15, 2001
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 31 / 2
Start / End Page
- 175 - 180
PubMed ID
- 11440829
Pubmed Central ID
- 11440829
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0891-5849
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00570-6
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- United States