Clonal amplification and maternal-infant transmission of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 variants in breast milk following single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis.
Journal Article (Journal Article)
BACKGROUND: Intrapartum administration of single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) reduces perinatal HIV-1 transmission in resource-limiting settings by half. Yet this strategy has limited effect on subsequent breast milk transmission, making the case for new treatment approaches to extend maternal/infant antiretroviral prophylaxis through the period of lactation. Maternal and transmitted infant HIV-1 variants frequently develop NVP resistance mutations following sdNVP, complicating subsequent treatment/prophylaxis regimens. However, it is not clear whether NVP-resistant viruses are transmitted via breastfeeding or arise de novo in the infant. FINDINGS: We performed a detailed HIV genetic analysis using single genome sequencing to identify the origin of drug-resistant variants in an sdNVP-treated postnatally-transmitting mother-infant pair. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV sequences from the child revealed low-diversity variants indicating infection by a subtype C single transmitted/founder virus that shared full-length sequence identity with a clonally-amplified maternal breast milk virus variant harboring the K103N NVP resistance mutation. CONCLUSION: In this mother/child pair, clonal amplification of maternal NVP-resistant HIV variants present in systemic and mammary gland compartments following intrapartum sdNVP represents one source of transmitted NVP-resistant variants that is responsible for the acquisition of drug resistant virus by the breastfeeding infant. This finding emphasizes the need for combination antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Permar, SR; Salazar, MG; Gao, F; Cai, F; Learn, GH; Kalilani, L; Hahn, BH; Shaw, GM; Salazar-Gonzalez, JF
Published Date
- August 14, 2013
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 10 /
Start / End Page
- 88 -
PubMed ID
- 23941304
Pubmed Central ID
- PMC3765243
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
- 1742-4690
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1186/1742-4690-10-88
Language
- eng
Conference Location
- England