A review of the nursing literature from 1989 to 1994 indicates that few psychiatric nursing studies are published in the major nursing research journals. The psychiatric specialization literature includes a large number of studies that are classified as either outcome studies or could serve as building blocks for future outcome studies. Few studies build on prior research, resulting in a weak scientific basis for evaluating the outcomes of psychiatric nursing care. Strategies for increasing the quantity and quality of psychiatric nursing outcome research are presented. A previous version was presented at the Post Conference Research Institute: Outcome Research, co-sponsored by the Mental Health, Alcohol, and Aging Nursing Services, Clinical Center Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health, and the Society for Education and Research in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, November 5, 1994. © 1995 W.B. Saunders Comany. All rights reserved.