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Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Holliday, EG; Smith, AV; Cornes, BK; Buitendijk, GHS; Jensen, RA; Sim, X; Aspelund, T; Aung, T; Baird, PN; Boerwinkle, E; Cheng, CY; Harris, T ...
Published in: PLoS One
2013

Genetic factors explain a majority of risk variance for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for late AMD implicate genes in complement, inflammatory and lipid pathways, the genetic architecture of early AMD has been relatively under studied. We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of early AMD, including 4,089 individuals with prevalent signs of early AMD (soft drusen and/or retinal pigment epithelial changes) and 20,453 individuals without these signs. For various published late AMD risk loci, we also compared effect sizes between early and late AMD using an additional 484 individuals with prevalent late AMD. GWAS meta-analysis confirmed previously reported association of variants at the complement factor H (CFH) (peak P = 1.5×10(-31)) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) (P = 4.3×10(-24)) loci, and suggested Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms (rs2075650; P = 1.1×10(-6)) associated with early AMD. Other possible loci that did not reach GWAS significance included variants in the zinc finger protein gene GLI3 (rs2049622; P = 8.9×10(-6)) and upstream of GLI2 (rs6721654; P = 6.5×10(-6)), encoding retinal Sonic hedgehog signalling regulators, and in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene (rs621313; P = 3.5×10(-6)), involved in melanin biosynthesis. For a range of published, late AMD risk loci, estimated effect sizes were significantly lower for early than late AMD. This study confirms the involvement of multiple established AMD risk variants in early AMD, but suggests weaker genetic effects on the risk of early AMD relative to late AMD. Several biological processes were suggested to be potentially specific for early AMD, including pathways regulating RPE cell melanin content and signalling pathways potentially involved in retinal regeneration, generating hypotheses for further investigation.

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Published In

PLoS One

DOI

EISSN

1932-6203

Publication Date

2013

Volume

8

Issue

1

Start / End Page

e53830

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
  • Risk Factors
  • Proteins
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
  • Humans
  • Genotype
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
 

Citation

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Holliday, E. G., Smith, A. V., Cornes, B. K., Buitendijk, G. H. S., Jensen, R. A., Sim, X., … Wang, J. J. (2013). Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. PLoS One, 8(1), e53830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053830
Holliday, Elizabeth G., Albert V. Smith, Belinda K. Cornes, Gabriëlle H. S. Buitendijk, Richard A. Jensen, Xueling Sim, Thor Aspelund, et al. “Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis.PLoS One 8, no. 1 (2013): e53830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053830.
Holliday EG, Smith AV, Cornes BK, Buitendijk GHS, Jensen RA, Sim X, et al. Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53830.
Holliday, Elizabeth G., et al. “Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis.PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 1, 2013, p. e53830. Pubmed, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053830.
Holliday EG, Smith AV, Cornes BK, Buitendijk GHS, Jensen RA, Sim X, Aspelund T, Aung T, Baird PN, Boerwinkle E, Cheng CY, van Duijn CM, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Harris T, Hewitt AW, Inouye M, Jonasson F, Klein BEK, Launer L, Li X, Liew G, Lumley T, McElduff P, McKnight B, Mitchell P, Psaty BM, Rochtchina E, Rotter JI, Scott RJ, Tay W, Taylor K, Teo YY, Uitterlinden AG, Viswanathan A, Xie S, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Vingerling JR, Klaver CCW, Tai ES, Siscovick D, Klein R, Cotch MF, Wong TY, Attia J, Wang JJ. Insights into the genetic architecture of early stage age-related macular degeneration: a genome-wide association study meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53830.

Published In

PLoS One

DOI

EISSN

1932-6203

Publication Date

2013

Volume

8

Issue

1

Start / End Page

e53830

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
  • Risk Factors
  • Proteins
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
  • Humans
  • Genotype
  • Genome-Wide Association Study