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Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Anderson, ML; Cox, M; Al-Khatib, SM; Nichol, G; Thomas, KL; Chan, PS; Saha-Chaudhuri, P; Fosbol, EL; Eigel, B; Clendenen, B; Peterson, ED
Published in: JAMA Intern Med
February 1, 2014

IMPORTANCE: Prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves the likelihood of surviving an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Large regional variations in survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been noted. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether regional variations in county-level rates of CPR training exist across the United States and the factors associated with low rates in US counties. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We used a cross-sectional ecologic study design to analyze county-level rates of CPR training in all US counties from July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2011. We used CPR training data from the American Heart Association, the American Red Cross, and the Health & Safety Institute. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined the association of annual rates of adult CPR training of citizens by these 3 organizations (categorized as tertiles) with a county's geographic, population, and health care characteristics. EXPOSURE: Completion of CPR training. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Rate of CPR training measured as CPR course completion cards distributed and CPR training products sold by the American Heart Association, persons trained in CPR by the American Red Cross, and product sales data from the Health & Safety Institute. RESULTS During the study period, 13.1 million persons in 3143 US counties received CPR training. Rates of county training ranged from 0.00% to less than 1.29% (median, 0.51%) in the lower tertile, 1.29% to 4.07% (median, 2.39%) in the middle tertile, and greater than 4.07% or greater (median, 6.81%) in the upper tertile. Counties with rates of CPR training in the lower tertile were more likely to have a higher proportion of rural areas (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.10-1.15] per 5-percentage point [PP] change), higher proportions of black (1.09 [1.06-1.13] per 5-PP change) and Hispanic (1.06 [1.02-1.11] per 5-PP change) residents, a lower median household income (1.18 [1.04-1.34] per $10 000 decrease), and a higher median age (1.28 [1.04-1.58] per 10-year change). Counties in the South, Midwest, and West were more likely to have rates of CPR training in the lower tertile compared with the Northeast (adjusted odds ratios, 7.78 [95% CI, 3.66-16.53], 5.56 [2.63-11.75], and 5.39 [2.48-11.72], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Annual rates of US CPR training are low and vary widely across communities. Counties located in the South, those with higher proportions of rural areas and of black and Hispanic residents, and those with lower median household incomes have lower rates of CPR training than their counterparts. These data contribute to known geographic disparities in survival of cardiac arrest and offer opportunities for future community interventions.

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Published In

JAMA Intern Med

DOI

EISSN

2168-6114

Publication Date

February 1, 2014

Volume

174

Issue

2

Start / End Page

194 / 201

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • United States
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Heart Arrest
  • Health Education
  • Female
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Adult
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Anderson, M. L., Cox, M., Al-Khatib, S. M., Nichol, G., Thomas, K. L., Chan, P. S., … Peterson, E. D. (2014). Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States. JAMA Intern Med, 174(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11320
Anderson, Monique L., Margueritte Cox, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Graham Nichol, Kevin L. Thomas, Paul S. Chan, Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri, et al. “Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States.JAMA Intern Med 174, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11320.
Anderson ML, Cox M, Al-Khatib SM, Nichol G, Thomas KL, Chan PS, et al. Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Feb 1;174(2):194–201.
Anderson, Monique L., et al. “Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States.JAMA Intern Med, vol. 174, no. 2, Feb. 2014, pp. 194–201. Pubmed, doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11320.
Anderson ML, Cox M, Al-Khatib SM, Nichol G, Thomas KL, Chan PS, Saha-Chaudhuri P, Fosbol EL, Eigel B, Clendenen B, Peterson ED. Rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Feb 1;174(2):194–201.

Published In

JAMA Intern Med

DOI

EISSN

2168-6114

Publication Date

February 1, 2014

Volume

174

Issue

2

Start / End Page

194 / 201

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • United States
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Heart Arrest
  • Health Education
  • Female
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Adult