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Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Kranz, PG; Amrhein, TJ; Gray, L
Published in: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
May 2015

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inadvertent intravascular injection during epidural steroid injection can result in complications and has been investigated previously with conventional fluoroscopy, but not CT fluoroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of intravascular injections recognized during CT fluoroscopy-guided epidural steroid injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 575 consecutive CT fluoroscopy-guided epidural steroid injections. Procedures were assessed to determine the incidence of intravascular injection. Cases positive for intravascular injection were classified on the basis of anatomic location, distance from the needle tip, washout pattern, and presence of combined epidural and vascular injection. Cases were also graded as either venous or arterial by using a 5-point scale. RESULTS: Intravascular injection was observed in 26% of cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (7/27), 9% of cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections (4/47), 8% of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections (22/275), and 2% of lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections (4/222). Vessels were most commonly identified close to the needle, but in 30% of cases, they were visualized in the anterior paraspinal soft tissues remote from the needle. Washout was most commonly delayed (86%), though rapid washout occurred in 14% of cases. Simultaneous epidural and vascular injections occurred in 32% of cases. Most visualized vessels were venous, but 2 cases were classified as probably arterial. CONCLUSIONS: Intravascular injections can be detected with CT fluoroscopy. The incidence in our study was similar to that in previous reports using conventional fluoroscopy. Technical factors such as the "double-tap" on CT fluoroscopy following contrast injection, assessment for discordance between injected and visualized contrast volume, and maintenance of an appropriate FOV facilitate the detection of such events.

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Published In

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

DOI

EISSN

1936-959X

Publication Date

May 2015

Volume

36

Issue

5

Start / End Page

1000 / 1007

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Medical Errors
  • Male
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Injections, Epidural
  • Incidence
  • Humans
 

Citation

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Kranz, P. G., Amrhein, T. J., & Gray, L. (2015). Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 36(5), 1000–1007. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4219
Kranz, P. G., T. J. Amrhein, and L. Gray. “Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36, no. 5 (May 2015): 1000–1007. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4219.
Kranz PG, Amrhein TJ, Gray L. Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May;36(5):1000–7.
Kranz, P. G., et al. “Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, vol. 36, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 1000–07. Pubmed, doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4219.
Kranz PG, Amrhein TJ, Gray L. Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015 May;36(5):1000–1007.

Published In

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

DOI

EISSN

1936-959X

Publication Date

May 2015

Volume

36

Issue

5

Start / End Page

1000 / 1007

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
  • Middle Aged
  • Medical Errors
  • Male
  • Injections, Intravenous
  • Injections, Epidural
  • Incidence
  • Humans