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Better early or late? Examining the influence of age of exposure and language proficiency on executive function in early and late bilinguals

Publication ,  Journal Article
Kalia, V; Wilbourn, MP; Ghio, K
Published in: Journal of Cognitive Psychology
October 3, 2014

Previous research has shown that early and late bilinguals differ in their language learning experiences and linguistic outcomes. However, evidence of differences between these bilinguals on measures of executive function (EF) has been mixed. As a result, the current study sought to (1) determine whether early and late bilinguals vary from one another and (2) exhibit cognitive advantages in EF relative to monolinguals. One hundred and five participants (42 monolinguals, 40 early bilinguals and 23 late bilinguals) completed the study. Participants' EF skills were assessed using the Auditorily Cued Number Numeral Task. Overall, the results did not reveal clear advantages for the early bilinguals compared to the two other groups. In fact, early bilinguals and monolinguals were equivalent in their performance on the EF task, whereas the late bilinguals were less accurate, relative to the other two groups. The differences in the performance of early and late bilinguals are discussed in terms of the competition model of secondlanguage learning proposed in previous research. Taken together, these findings indicate that individual differences in EF influence the observed differences found in EF across language groups.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

DOI

EISSN

2044-592X

ISSN

2044-5911

Publication Date

October 3, 2014

Volume

26

Issue

7

Start / End Page

699 / 713

Related Subject Headings

  • Experimental Psychology
  • 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology
  • 5202 Biological psychology
  • 5201 Applied and developmental psychology
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 1701 Psychology
 

Citation

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Kalia, V., Wilbourn, M. P., & Ghio, K. (2014). Better early or late? Examining the influence of age of exposure and language proficiency on executive function in early and late bilinguals. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 26(7), 699–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.956748
Kalia, V., M. P. Wilbourn, and K. Ghio. “Better early or late? Examining the influence of age of exposure and language proficiency on executive function in early and late bilinguals.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 26, no. 7 (October 3, 2014): 699–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.956748.
Kalia, V., et al. “Better early or late? Examining the influence of age of exposure and language proficiency on executive function in early and late bilinguals.” Journal of Cognitive Psychology, vol. 26, no. 7, Oct. 2014, pp. 699–713. Scopus, doi:10.1080/20445911.2014.956748.

Published In

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

DOI

EISSN

2044-592X

ISSN

2044-5911

Publication Date

October 3, 2014

Volume

26

Issue

7

Start / End Page

699 / 713

Related Subject Headings

  • Experimental Psychology
  • 5204 Cognitive and computational psychology
  • 5202 Biological psychology
  • 5201 Applied and developmental psychology
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 1701 Psychology