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Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Tham, Y-C; Li, X; Wong, TY; Quigley, HA; Aung, T; Cheng, C-Y
Published in: Ophthalmology
November 2014

PURPOSE: Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness. Present estimates of global glaucoma prevalence are not up-to-date and focused mainly on European ancestry populations. We systematically examined the global prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and projected the number of affected people in 2020 and 2040. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Data from 50 population-based studies (3770 POAG cases among 140,496 examined individuals and 786 PACG cases among 112 398 examined individuals). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science for population-based studies of glaucoma prevalence published up to March 25, 2013. Hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to estimate the pooled glaucoma prevalence of the population aged 40-80 years along with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Projections of glaucoma were estimated based on the United Nations World Population Prospects. Bayesian meta-regression models were performed to assess the association between the prevalence of POAG and the relevant factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and projection numbers of glaucoma cases. RESULTS: The global prevalence of glaucoma for population aged 40-80 years is 3.54% (95% CrI, 2.09-5.82). The prevalence of POAG is highest in Africa (4.20%; 95% CrI, 2.08-7.35), and the prevalence of PACG is highest in Asia (1.09%; 95% CrI, 0.43-2.32). In 2013, the number of people (aged 40-80 years) with glaucoma worldwide was estimated to be 64.3 million, increasing to 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 million in 2040. In the Bayesian meta-regression model, men were more likely to have POAG than women (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CrI, 1.23-1.52), and after adjusting for age, gender, habitation type, response rate, and year of study, people of African ancestry were more likely to have POAG than people of European ancestry (OR, 2.80; 95% CrI, 1.83-4.06), and people living in urban areas were more likely to have POAG than those in rural areas (OR, 1.58; 95% CrI, 1.19-2.04). CONCLUSIONS: The number of people with glaucoma worldwide will increase to 111.8 million in 2040, disproportionally affecting people residing in Asia and Africa. These estimates are important in guiding the designs of glaucoma screening, treatment, and related public health strategies.

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Published In

Ophthalmology

DOI

EISSN

1549-4713

Publication Date

November 2014

Volume

121

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2081 / 2090

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Prevalence
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Global Health
  • Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  • Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
  • Female
  • Blindness
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Tham, Y.-C., Li, X., Wong, T. Y., Quigley, H. A., Aung, T., & Cheng, C.-Y. (2014). Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology, 121(11), 2081–2090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013
Tham, Yih-Chung, Xiang Li, Tien Y. Wong, Harry A. Quigley, Tin Aung, and Ching-Yu Cheng. “Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmology 121, no. 11 (November 2014): 2081–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013.
Tham Y-C, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng C-Y. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2081–90.
Tham, Yih-Chung, et al. “Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ophthalmology, vol. 121, no. 11, Nov. 2014, pp. 2081–90. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013.
Tham Y-C, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng C-Y. Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2014 Nov;121(11):2081–2090.
Journal cover image

Published In

Ophthalmology

DOI

EISSN

1549-4713

Publication Date

November 2014

Volume

121

Issue

11

Start / End Page

2081 / 2090

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Prevalence
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
  • Global Health
  • Glaucoma, Open-Angle
  • Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
  • Female
  • Blindness