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Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Conway, DI; Brenner, DR; McMahon, AD; Macpherson, LMD; Agudo, A; Ahrens, W; Bosetti, C; Brenner, H; Castellsague, X; Chen, C; Curado, MP ...
Published in: Int J Cancer
March 1, 2015

Low socioeconomic status has been reported to be associated with head and neck cancer risk. However, previous studies have been too small to examine the associations by cancer subsite, age, sex, global region and calendar time and to explain the association in terms of behavioral risk factors. Individual participant data of 23,964 cases with head and neck cancer and 31,954 controls from 31 studies in 27 countries pooled with random effects models. Overall, low education was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 2.02 - 3.09). Overall one-third of the increased risk was not explained by differences in the distribution of cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors; and it remained elevated among never users of tobacco and nondrinkers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.13 - 2.31). More of the estimated education effect was not explained by cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors: in women than in men, in older than younger groups, in the oropharynx than in other sites, in South/Central America than in Europe/North America and was strongest in countries with greater income inequality. Similar findings were observed for the estimated effect of low versus high household income. The lowest levels of income and educational attainment were associated with more than 2-fold increased risk of head and neck cancer, which is not entirely explained by differences in the distributions of behavioral risk factors for these cancers and which varies across cancer sites, sexes, countries and country income inequality levels.

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Published In

Int J Cancer

DOI

EISSN

1097-0215

Publication Date

March 1, 2015

Volume

136

Issue

5

Start / End Page

1125 / 1139

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Smoking
  • Risk Factors
  • Prognosis
  • Oncology & Carcinogenesis
  • Middle Aged
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Male
  • Income
  • Humans
 

Citation

APA
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ICMJE
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Conway, D. I., Brenner, D. R., McMahon, A. D., Macpherson, L. M. D., Agudo, A., Ahrens, W., … Brennan, P. (2015). Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries. Int J Cancer, 136(5), 1125–1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29063
Conway, David I., Darren R. Brenner, Alex D. McMahon, Lorna M. D. Macpherson, Antonio Agudo, Wolfgang Ahrens, Cristina Bosetti, et al. “Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries.Int J Cancer 136, no. 5 (March 1, 2015): 1125–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29063.
Conway DI, Brenner DR, McMahon AD, Macpherson LMD, Agudo A, Ahrens W, et al. Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries. Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):1125–39.
Conway, David I., et al. “Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries.Int J Cancer, vol. 136, no. 5, Mar. 2015, pp. 1125–39. Pubmed, doi:10.1002/ijc.29063.
Conway DI, Brenner DR, McMahon AD, Macpherson LMD, Agudo A, Ahrens W, Bosetti C, Brenner H, Castellsague X, Chen C, Curado MP, Curioni OA, Dal Maso L, Daudt AW, de Gois Filho JF, D’Souza G, Edefonti V, Fabianova E, Fernandez L, Franceschi S, Gillison M, Hayes RB, Healy CM, Herrero R, Holcatova I, Jayaprakash V, Kelsey K, Kjaerheim K, Koifman S, La Vecchia C, Lagiou P, Lazarus P, Levi F, Lissowska J, Luce D, Macfarlane TV, Mates D, Matos E, McClean M, Menezes AM, Menvielle G, Merletti F, Morgenstern H, Moysich K, Müller H, Muscat J, Olshan AF, Purdue MP, Ramroth H, Richiardi L, Rudnai P, Schantz S, Schwartz SM, Shangina O, Simonato L, Smith E, Stucker I, Sturgis EM, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Talamini R, Thomson P, Vaughan TL, Wei Q, Winn DM, Wunsch-Filho V, Yu G-P, Zhang Z-F, Zheng T, Znaor A, Boffetta P, Chuang S-C, Ghodrat M, Amy Lee Y-C, Hashibe M, Brennan P. Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries. Int J Cancer. 2015 Mar 1;136(5):1125–1139.
Journal cover image

Published In

Int J Cancer

DOI

EISSN

1097-0215

Publication Date

March 1, 2015

Volume

136

Issue

5

Start / End Page

1125 / 1139

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Smoking
  • Risk Factors
  • Prognosis
  • Oncology & Carcinogenesis
  • Middle Aged
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Male
  • Income
  • Humans