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Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gray, JM; Kim, T-K; West, AE; Nord, AS; Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, E; Lomvardas, S
Published in: J Neurosci
October 14, 2015

UNLABELLED: Sprinkled throughout the genome are a million regulatory sequences called transcriptional enhancers that activate gene promoters in the right cells, at the right time. Enhancers endow the brain with its incredible diversity of cell types and also translate neural activity into gene induction. Thanks to rapid advances in genomic technologies, it is now possible to identify thousands of enhancers rapidly, test their transcriptional function en masse, and address their neurobiological functions via genome editing. Enhancers also promise to be a great technological opportunity for neuroscience, offering the potential for cell-type-specific genetic labeling and manipulation without the need for transgenesis. The objective of this review and the accompanying 2015 SfN mini-symposium is to highlight the use of new and emerging genomic technologies to probe enhancer function in the nervous system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Transcriptional enhancers turn on genes in the right cells, at the right time. Enhancers are also the genomic sequences that encode the incredible diversity of cell types in the brain and enable the brain to turn genes on in response to new experiences. New technology enables enhancers to be found and manipulated. The study of enhancers promises to inform our understanding of brain development and function. The application of enhancer technology holds promise in accelerating basic neuroscience research and enabling gene therapies to be targeted to specific cell types in the brain.

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Published In

J Neurosci

DOI

EISSN

1529-2401

Publication Date

October 14, 2015

Volume

35

Issue

41

Start / End Page

13819 / 13826

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transcription Factors
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Neurology & Neurosurgery
  • Models, Biological
  • Humans
  • Genomics
  • Gene Expression
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic
  • Central Nervous System
  • Animals
 

Citation

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Gray, J. M., Kim, T.-K., West, A. E., Nord, A. S., Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, E., & Lomvardas, S. (2015). Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS. J Neurosci, 35(41), 13819–13826. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2622-15.2015
Gray, Jesse M., Tae-Kyung Kim, Anne E. West, Alex S. Nord, Eirene Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, and Stavros Lomvardas. “Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS.J Neurosci 35, no. 41 (October 14, 2015): 13819–26. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2622-15.2015.
Gray JM, Kim T-K, West AE, Nord AS, Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E, Lomvardas S. Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS. J Neurosci. 2015 Oct 14;35(41):13819–26.
Gray, Jesse M., et al. “Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS.J Neurosci, vol. 35, no. 41, Oct. 2015, pp. 13819–26. Pubmed, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2622-15.2015.
Gray JM, Kim T-K, West AE, Nord AS, Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E, Lomvardas S. Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS. J Neurosci. 2015 Oct 14;35(41):13819–13826.

Published In

J Neurosci

DOI

EISSN

1529-2401

Publication Date

October 14, 2015

Volume

35

Issue

41

Start / End Page

13819 / 13826

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Transcription Factors
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Neurology & Neurosurgery
  • Models, Biological
  • Humans
  • Genomics
  • Gene Expression
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic
  • Central Nervous System
  • Animals