Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition
Management of benign essential blepharospasm
Publication
, Chapter
Woodward, JA; Rao, VS
January 1, 2015
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a functionally blinding condition. It is a focal dystonia characterized by uncontrollable eyelid twitching and closing with a prevalence of approximately 3.2 per 100,000. BEB can present a challenge in diagnosis, leading many patients to seek multiple medical evaluations prior to their ultimate diagnosis. Since its initial description, numerous treatments have been investigated for this condition. This chapter will review management options including oral therapies, injections with botulinum neurotoxins, and surgery.
Duke Scholars
DOI
ISBN
9781493915439
Publication Date
January 1, 2015
Start / End Page
443 / 456
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Woodward, J. A., & Rao, V. S. (2015). Management of benign essential blepharospasm. In Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition (pp. 443–456). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1544-6_139
Woodward, J. A., and V. S. Rao. “Management of benign essential blepharospasm.” In Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition, 443–56, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1544-6_139.
Woodward JA, Rao VS. Management of benign essential blepharospasm. In: Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition. 2015. p. 443–56.
Woodward, J. A., and V. S. Rao. “Management of benign essential blepharospasm.” Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition, 2015, pp. 443–56. Scopus, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1544-6_139.
Woodward JA, Rao VS. Management of benign essential blepharospasm. Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition. 2015. p. 443–456.
DOI
ISBN
9781493915439
Publication Date
January 1, 2015
Start / End Page
443 / 456