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Currently approved and emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: An update for the ophthalmologist.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Eckstein, C; Bhatti, MT
Published in: Surv Ophthalmol
2016

Although our understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown substantially, its cause remains unknown. Nonetheless, in the past 3 decades, there have been tremendous advancements in the development of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs). In July 1993, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first disease-modifying drug-interferon β- and there are currently 13 medications approved for use in relapsing MS. All the early medications are administered either as a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, and despite the clinical efficacy and safety of these medications, many patients were hampered by the inconvenience of injections and injection-related side effects. In September 2010, the first oral DMD-fingolimod-was approved. Since then, 2 additional oral DMDs (teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate) have been approved, and several other oral medications are being evaluated in extensive MS development programs. Because of frequent ocular involvement, ophthalmologists are often involved in the care of MS patients and therefore need to be aware of the current treatment regimens prescribed by neurologists, some of which can have significant ophthalmic adverse events. We update the current advancements in the treatment of MS and discuss the published clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the currently approved and emerging oral therapies in MS.

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Published In

Surv Ophthalmol

DOI

EISSN

1879-3304

Publication Date

2016

Volume

61

Issue

3

Start / End Page

318 / 332

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toluidines
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Nitriles
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Hydroxybutyrates
  • Humans
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Eckstein, C., & Bhatti, M. T. (2016). Currently approved and emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: An update for the ophthalmologist. Surv Ophthalmol, 61(3), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.12.001
Eckstein, Christopher, and M Tariq Bhatti. “Currently approved and emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: An update for the ophthalmologist.Surv Ophthalmol 61, no. 3 (2016): 318–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.12.001.
Eckstein, Christopher, and M. Tariq Bhatti. “Currently approved and emerging oral therapies in multiple sclerosis: An update for the ophthalmologist.Surv Ophthalmol, vol. 61, no. 3, 2016, pp. 318–32. Pubmed, doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.12.001.
Journal cover image

Published In

Surv Ophthalmol

DOI

EISSN

1879-3304

Publication Date

2016

Volume

61

Issue

3

Start / End Page

318 / 332

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Toluidines
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry
  • Nitriles
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Hydroxybutyrates
  • Humans
  • Fingolimod Hydrochloride