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Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Karumbaiah, L; Saxena, T; Betancur, M; Bellamkonda, RV
Published in: Current medicinal chemistry
January 2014

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are complex biomolecules that are known to facilitate patterning of axonal direction and cell migration during the early growth and development phase of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In adults, they continue to control neuronal plasticity as major constituents of the "peri-neuronal nets" (PNNs) that surround adult CNS neurons. CSPGs are also barrier-forming molecules that are selectively upregulated by invading reactive astroglia after injury to the CNS, and are responsible for the active repulsion of regenerating neurons post-injury. Recent evidence however suggests that the diverse sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached to CSPGs are key components that play paradoxical roles in influencing nerve regeneration post-injury to the CNS. Sulfated GAG repeats attached to the CSPG core protein help mediate cell migration, neuritogenesis, axonal pathfinding, and axonal repulsion by directly trapping and presenting a whole host of growth factors to cells locally, or by binding to specific membrane bound proteins on the cell surface to influence cellular function. In this review, we will present the current gamut of interventional strategies used to bridge CNS deficits, and discuss the potential advantages of using sulfated GAG based biomaterials to facilitate the repair and regeneration of the injured CNS.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Current medicinal chemistry

DOI

EISSN

1875-533X

ISSN

0929-8673

Publication Date

January 2014

Volume

21

Issue

37

Start / End Page

4257 / 4281

Related Subject Headings

  • Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry
  • Humans
  • Homeostasis
  • Drug Design
  • Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
  • Central Nervous System
  • 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
  • 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
  • 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
 

Citation

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MLA
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Karumbaiah, L., Saxena, T., Betancur, M., & Bellamkonda, R. V. (2014). Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 21(37), 4257–4281. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140815124447
Karumbaiah, Lohitash, Tarun Saxena, Martha Betancur, and Ravi V. Bellamkonda. “Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design.Current Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 37 (January 2014): 4257–81. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140815124447.
Karumbaiah L, Saxena T, Betancur M, Bellamkonda RV. Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design. Current medicinal chemistry. 2014 Jan;21(37):4257–81.
Karumbaiah, Lohitash, et al. “Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design.Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 37, Jan. 2014, pp. 4257–81. Epmc, doi:10.2174/0929867321666140815124447.
Karumbaiah L, Saxena T, Betancur M, Bellamkonda RV. Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans for CNS homeostasis-implications for material design. Current medicinal chemistry. 2014 Jan;21(37):4257–4281.

Published In

Current medicinal chemistry

DOI

EISSN

1875-533X

ISSN

0929-8673

Publication Date

January 2014

Volume

21

Issue

37

Start / End Page

4257 / 4281

Related Subject Headings

  • Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry
  • Humans
  • Homeostasis
  • Drug Design
  • Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
  • Central Nervous System
  • 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
  • 3214 Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
  • 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology