Retinal signs and stroke: revisiting the link between the eye and brain.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The retinal and cerebral vasculature share similar anatomic, physiological, and embryological characteristics. We reviewed the literature, focusing particularly on recent population-based studies, to examine the relationship between retinal signs and stroke. Summary of Review- Hypertensive retinopathy signs (eg, focal retinal arteriolar narrowing, arterio-venous nicking) were associated with prevalent stroke, incident stroke, and stroke mortality, independent of blood pressure and other cerebrovascular risk factors. Diabetic retinopathy signs (eg, microaneurysms, hard exudates) were similarly associated with incident stroke and stroke mortality. Retinal arteriolar emboli were associated with stroke mortality but not incident stroke. There were fewer studies on the association of other retinal signs such as retinal vein occlusion and age-related macular degeneration with stroke, and the results were less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Many retinal conditions are associated with stroke, reflecting possible concomitant pathophysiological processes affecting both the eye and the brain. However, the incremental value of a retinal examination for prediction of future stroke risk remains to be determined.
Duke Scholars
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- Stroke
- Risk Factors
- Retinal Diseases
- Neurology & Neurosurgery
- Humans
- 4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science
- 3209 Neurosciences
- 3202 Clinical sciences
- 1109 Neurosciences
- 1103 Clinical Sciences
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Stroke
- Risk Factors
- Retinal Diseases
- Neurology & Neurosurgery
- Humans
- 4201 Allied health and rehabilitation science
- 3209 Neurosciences
- 3202 Clinical sciences
- 1109 Neurosciences
- 1103 Clinical Sciences