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Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Zhang, JJ; Lee, K-B; He, L; Seiffert, J; Subramaniam, P; Yang, L; Chen, S; Maguire, P; Mainelis, G; Schwander, S; Tetley, T; Porter, A; Hu, S ...
Published in: Environmental science. Processes & impacts
October 2016

Nanoceria (i.e., CeO2 nanoparticles) fuel additives have been used in Europe and elsewhere to improve fuel efficiency. Previously we have shown that the use of a commercial fuel additive Envirox™ in a diesel-powered electricity generator reduced emissions of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) mass and other pollutants. However, such additives are currently not permitted for use in on-road vehicles in North America, largely due to limited data on the potential health impact. In this study, we characterized a variety of physicochemical properties of DEPs emitted from the same engine. Our methods include novel techniques such as Raman spectrometry for analyzing particle surface structure and an assay for DEP oxidative potential. Results show that with increasing Envirox™ concentrations in the fuel (0×, 0.1×, 1×, and 10× of manufacturer recommended 0.5 mL Envirox™ per liter fuel), DEP sizes decreased from 194.6 ± 20.1 to 116.3 ± 14.8 nm; the zeta potential changed from -28.4 mV to -22.65 mV; DEP carbon content decreased from 91.8% to 79.4%; cerium and nitrogen contents increased from 0.3% to 6.5% and 0.2% to 0.6%, respectively; the ratio of organic carbon (OC) to elemental carbon (EC) increased from 22.9% to 38.7%; and the ratio of the disordered carbon structure to the ordered carbon structure (graphitized carbon) in DEPs decreased. Compared to DEPs emitted from 0×, 0.1×, and 1× fuels, DEPs from the 10× fuel had a lower oxidative potential likely due to the increased ceria content because pure ceria nanoparticles exhibited the lowest oxidative potential compared to all the DEPs. Since the physicochemical parameters tested here are among the determinants of particle toxicity, our findings imply that adding ceria nanoparticles into diesel may alter the toxicity of DEPs. The findings from the present study, hence, can help future studies that will examine the impact of nanoceria additives on DEP toxicities.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Environmental science. Processes & impacts

DOI

EISSN

2050-7895

ISSN

2050-7887

Publication Date

October 2016

Volume

18

Issue

10

Start / End Page

1333 / 1342

Related Subject Headings

  • Vehicle Emissions
  • Particulate Matter
  • Particle Size
  • Metal Nanoparticles
  • Gasoline
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Cerium
  • Carbon
  • Air Pollutants
  • 42 Health sciences
 

Citation

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Zhang, J. J., Lee, K.-B., He, L., Seiffert, J., Subramaniam, P., Yang, L., … Chung, K. F. (2016). Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, 18(10), 1333–1342. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6em00337k
Zhang, Junfeng Jim, Ki-Bum Lee, Linchen He, Joanna Seiffert, Prasad Subramaniam, Letao Yang, Shu Chen, et al. “Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles.Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts 18, no. 10 (October 2016): 1333–42. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6em00337k.
Zhang JJ, Lee K-B, He L, Seiffert J, Subramaniam P, Yang L, et al. Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles. Environmental science Processes & impacts. 2016 Oct;18(10):1333–42.
Zhang, Junfeng Jim, et al. “Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles.Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, vol. 18, no. 10, Oct. 2016, pp. 1333–42. Epmc, doi:10.1039/c6em00337k.
Zhang JJ, Lee K-B, He L, Seiffert J, Subramaniam P, Yang L, Chen S, Maguire P, Mainelis G, Schwander S, Tetley T, Porter A, Ryan M, Shaffer M, Hu S, Gong J, Chung KF. Effects of a nanoceria fuel additive on the physicochemical properties of diesel exhaust particles. Environmental science Processes & impacts. 2016 Oct;18(10):1333–1342.
Journal cover image

Published In

Environmental science. Processes & impacts

DOI

EISSN

2050-7895

ISSN

2050-7887

Publication Date

October 2016

Volume

18

Issue

10

Start / End Page

1333 / 1342

Related Subject Headings

  • Vehicle Emissions
  • Particulate Matter
  • Particle Size
  • Metal Nanoparticles
  • Gasoline
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Cerium
  • Carbon
  • Air Pollutants
  • 42 Health sciences