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Apical prolapse.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Barber, MD; Maher, C
Published in: Int Urogynecol J
November 2013

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim was to review the safety and efficacy of pelvic organ prolapse surgery for vaginal apical prolapse. METHODS: Every 4 years and as part of the Fifth International Collaboration on Incontinence we reviewed the English-language scientific literature after searching PubMed, Medline, Cochrane library and Cochrane database of systematic reviews, published up to January 2012. Publications were classified as level 1 evidence (randomised controlled trials (RCT) or systematic reviews), level 2 (poor quality RCT, prospective cohort studies), level 3 (case series or retrospective studies) and level 4 case reports. The highest level of evidence was utilised by the committee to make evidence-based recommendations based upon the Oxford grading system. Grade A recommendation usually depends on consistent level 1 evidence. Grade B recommendation usually depends on consistent level 2 and or 3 studies, or "majority evidence" from RCTs. Grade C recommendation usually depends on level 4 studies or "majority evidence from level 2/3 studies or Delphi processed expert opinion. Grade D "no recommendation possible" would be used where the evidence is inadequate or conflicting and when expert opinion is delivered without a formal analytical process, such as by Delphi. RESULTS: Abdominal sacral colpopexy (ASC) has a higher success rate than sacrospinous colpopexy with less SUI and postoperative dyspareunia for vault prolapse. ASC had greater morbidity including operating time, inpatient stay, slower return to activities of daily living and higher cost (grade A). ASC has the lowest inpatient costs compared with laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSC) and robotic sacral colpopexy (RSC). LSC has lower inpatient costs than RSC (grade B).In single RCTs the RSC had longer operating time than both ASC and LSC (grade B). In small trials objective outcomes appear similar although postoperative pain was greater in RSC. LSC is as effective as ASC with reduced blood loss and admission time (grade C). The data relating to operating time are conflicting. ASC performed with polypropylene mesh has superior outcomes to fascia lata (level I), porcine dermis and small intestine submucosa (level 3; grade B). In a single RCT, LSC had a superior objective and subjective success rate and lower reoperation rate compared with polypropylene transvaginal mesh for vault prolapse (grade B).Level 3 evidence suggests that vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension, McCall culdoplasty, iliococcygeus fixation and colpocleisis are relatively safe and effective interventions (grade C). CONCLUSION: Sacral colpopexy is an effective procedure for vault prolapse and further data are required on the route of performance and efficacy of this surgery for uterine prolapse. Polypropylene mesh is the preferred graft at ASC. Vaginal procedures for vault prolapse are well described and are suitable alternatives for those not suitable for sacral colpopexy.

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Published In

Int Urogynecol J

DOI

EISSN

1433-3023

Publication Date

November 2013

Volume

24

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1815 / 1833

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Surgical Mesh
  • Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
  • Ligaments
  • Humans
  • Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
  • Female
  • 4204 Midwifery
  • 3215 Reproductive medicine
  • 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
 

Citation

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MLA
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Barber, M. D., & Maher, C. (2013). Apical prolapse. Int Urogynecol J, 24(11), 1815–1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2172-1
Barber, Matthew D., and Christopher Maher. “Apical prolapse.Int Urogynecol J 24, no. 11 (November 2013): 1815–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2172-1.
Barber MD, Maher C. Apical prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1815–33.
Barber, Matthew D., and Christopher Maher. “Apical prolapse.Int Urogynecol J, vol. 24, no. 11, Nov. 2013, pp. 1815–33. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2172-1.
Barber MD, Maher C. Apical prolapse. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1815–1833.
Journal cover image

Published In

Int Urogynecol J

DOI

EISSN

1433-3023

Publication Date

November 2013

Volume

24

Issue

11

Start / End Page

1815 / 1833

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Surgical Mesh
  • Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
  • Ligaments
  • Humans
  • Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
  • Female
  • 4204 Midwifery
  • 3215 Reproductive medicine
  • 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine