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Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Smaldone, MC; Gayed, BA; Tomaszewski, JJ; Gingrich, JR
Published in: Minerva Urol Nefrol
June 2009

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the second most common urologic malignancy, and 70% of patients present with superficial, or non-muscle invasive disease (NMIBC). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), currently the most effective intravesical agent at preventing disease recurrence, is the only therapy shown to inhibit disease progression. Unfortunately, approximately 20% of patients discontinue BCG due to local and systemic toxicity and more than 30% show evidence of recurrence; this has led to increased interest in alternate chemotherapeutic agents. Induction intravesical chemotherapy has shown comparable efficacy to BCG in select patients and the immediate perioperative instillation of chemotherapeutic agents has become standard of care. Clinical trial evidence demonstrating the efficacy of BCG plus interferon 2B, gemcitabine and anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, valrubicin) in patients refractory or intolerant to BCG is accumulating. Phase I trials investigating alternative agents such as apaziquone, taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel), and suramin are reporting promising data. Current efforts are also being directed towards optimizing the administration of existing chemotherapeutic regimens, including the use of novel modalities including hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, magnetically targeted carriers, and liposomes. Despite recent enthusiasm for new intravesical agents, radical cystectomy remains the treatment of choice for patients with NMIBC who have failed intravesical therapy and select patients with naive T1 tumors and aggressive features. Our aim in this report is to provide a comprehensive review of contemporary intravesical therapy options for NMIBC with an emphasis on emerging agents and novel treatment modalities.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Minerva Urol Nefrol

ISSN

0393-2249

Publication Date

June 2009

Volume

61

Issue

2

Start / End Page

71 / 89

Location

Italy

Related Subject Headings

  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Humans
  • Disease Progression
  • Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
  • BCG Vaccine
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Smaldone, M. C., Gayed, B. A., Tomaszewski, J. J., & Gingrich, J. R. (2009). Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Minerva Urol Nefrol, 61(2), 71–89.
Smaldone, M. C., B. A. Gayed, J. J. Tomaszewski, and J. R. Gingrich. “Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Minerva Urol Nefrol 61, no. 2 (June 2009): 71–89.
Smaldone MC, Gayed BA, Tomaszewski JJ, Gingrich JR. Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2009 Jun;61(2):71–89.
Smaldone, M. C., et al. “Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Minerva Urol Nefrol, vol. 61, no. 2, June 2009, pp. 71–89.
Smaldone MC, Gayed BA, Tomaszewski JJ, Gingrich JR. Strategies to enhance the efficacy of intravescical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2009 Jun;61(2):71–89.

Published In

Minerva Urol Nefrol

ISSN

0393-2249

Publication Date

June 2009

Volume

61

Issue

2

Start / End Page

71 / 89

Location

Italy

Related Subject Headings

  • Urology & Nephrology
  • Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Humans
  • Disease Progression
  • Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
  • BCG Vaccine