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Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values

Publication ,  Conference
Freedman, R; Dickerson, JP; Borg, JS; Sinnott-Armstrong, W; Conitzer, V
Published in: 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018
January 1, 2018

The efficient allocation of limited resources is a classical problem in economics and computer science. In kidney exchanges, a central market maker allocates living kidney donors to patients in need of an organ. Patients and donors in kidney exchanges are prioritized using ad-hoc weights decided on by committee and then fed into an allocation algorithm that determines who get what-and who does not. In this paper, we provide an end-to-end methodology for estimating weights of individual participant profiles in a kidney exchange. We first elicit from human subjects a list of patient attributes they consider acceptable for the purpose of prioritizing patients (e.g., medical characteristics, lifestyle choices, and so on). Then, we ask subjects comparison queries between patient profiles and estimate weights in a principled way from their responses. We show how to use these weights in kidney exchange market clearing algorithms. We then evaluate the impact of the weights in simulations and find that the precise numerical values of the weights we computed matter little, other than the ordering of profiles that they imply. However, compared to not prioritizing patients at all, there is a significant effect, with certain classes of patients being (de)prioritized based on the human-elicited value judgments.

Duke Scholars

Published In

32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018

ISBN

9781577358008

Publication Date

January 1, 2018

Start / End Page

1636 / 1643

Related Subject Headings

  • Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing
  • 4611 Machine learning
  • 4603 Computer vision and multimedia computation
  • 4602 Artificial intelligence
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics
  • 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
 

Citation

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Freedman, R., Dickerson, J. P., Borg, J. S., Sinnott-Armstrong, W., & Conitzer, V. (2018). Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values. In 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018 (pp. 1636–1643).
Freedman, R., J. P. Dickerson, J. S. Borg, W. Sinnott-Armstrong, and V. Conitzer. “Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values.” In 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018, 1636–43, 2018.
Freedman R, Dickerson JP, Borg JS, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Conitzer V. Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values. In: 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018. 2018. p. 1636–43.
Freedman, R., et al. “Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values.” 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018, 2018, pp. 1636–43.
Freedman R, Dickerson JP, Borg JS, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Conitzer V. Adapting a kidney exchange algorithm to align with human values. 32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018. 2018. p. 1636–1643.

Published In

32nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2018

ISBN

9781577358008

Publication Date

January 1, 2018

Start / End Page

1636 / 1643

Related Subject Headings

  • Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing
  • 4611 Machine learning
  • 4603 Computer vision and multimedia computation
  • 4602 Artificial intelligence
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics
  • 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing