Acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition: insufficient cellular stress response.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent epidemiological and preclinical mechanistic studies provide strong evidence that acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) form an interconnected syndrome. Injured kidneys undergo a coordinated reparative process with an engagement of multiple cell types after injury; however, maladaptation to the injury subjects kidneys to a vicious cycle of fibrogenesis and nephron loss. In this review, we will outline and discuss the pathogenesis of AKI-to-CKD transition with an emphasis on dysregulated 'cellular stress adaptation' as a potential therapeutic target. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies identify the crucial role of injured tubular epithelial cells in the transition from AKI to CKD. Damaged tubular cells undergo reactivation of developmental and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling, metabolic alteration, and cell-cycle arrest, thereby driving inflammation and fibrogenesis. Recent work highlights that cellular stress-adaptive pathways against hypoxic and oxidative stress provide insufficient protection after severe AKI episode. SUMMARY: Insufficient cellular stress adaptation may underpin the persistent activation of inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling in damaged kidneys. We propose that harnessing cellular stress-adaptive responses will be a promising therapeutic strategy to halt or even reverse the deleterious process of AKI-to-CKD transition.
Duke Scholars
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Related Subject Headings
- Urology & Nephrology
- Signal Transduction
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
- Oxidative Stress
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
- Kidney Tubules
- Kidney
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
- Humans
- Fibrosis
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Urology & Nephrology
- Signal Transduction
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
- Oxidative Stress
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2
- Kidney Tubules
- Kidney
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1
- Humans
- Fibrosis