Incorporation of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) into the Polyamide Layer of Thin-Film Composite (TFC) Nanofiltration Membranes for Enhanced Separation Performance and Antifouling Properties.

To achieve greater separation performance and antifouling properties in a thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated into the polyamide layer of a TFC membrane for the first time. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful formation of the CNC-polyamide composite layer. Surface characterization results revealed differences in the morphologies of the CNC-TFC membranes compared with a control membrane (CNC-TFC-0). Streaming potential measurements and molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) characterizations showed that the CNC-TFC membranes exhibited a greater negative surface charge and a smaller MWCO as the CNC content increased. The CNC-TFC membranes showed enhanced hydrophilicity and increased permeability. With the incorporation of only 0.020 wt % CNCs, the permeability of the CNC-TFC membrane increased by 60.0% over that of the polyamide TFC without CNC. Rejection of Na₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ by the CNC-TFC membranes was similar to that observed for the CNC-TFC-0 membrane, at values of approximately 98.7% and 98.8%, respectively, indicating that divalent salt rejection was not sacrificed. The monovalent ion rejection tended to increase as the CNC content increased. In addition, the CNC-TFC membranes exhibited enhanced antifouling properties due to their increased hydrophilicity and more negatively charged surfaces.

Duke Scholars

Author Mark Wiesner Civil and Environmental Engineering

Author Nathan Bossa Civil and Environmental Engineering