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Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Greene, SJ; Hernandez, AF; Sun, J-L; Butler, J; Armstrong, PW; Ezekowitz, JA; Zannad, F; Ferreira, JP; Coles, A; Metra, M; Voors, AA ...
Published in: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
October 2018

BACKGROUND: Globalization of clinical trials fosters inclusion of higher and lower income countries, but the influence of enrolling country income level on heart failure trial performance is unclear. This study sought to evaluate associations between enrolling country income level, acute heart failure patient profile, protocol completion, and trial end points. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ASCEND-HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure) trial included 7141 patients with acute heart failure from 30 countries. Country income data in gross national income per capita in current US dollars from the year 2007 (ie, the year trial enrollment began) were abstracted from the World Bank. Patients were grouped by enrolling country income level (ie, high [>$11 455], upper middle [$3706-$11 455], lower middle [$936-$3705], and low [<$936]). Income data were available for 29 (97%) countries (N=7064). There were 3996 (57%), 1518 (21%), and 1550 (22%) patients from high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries, respectively. There were no patients from low-income countries. Patients from lower-middle-income countries tended to be younger with fewer comorbidities and lower utilization of guideline-directed therapies. Rates of adverse events (13.8%) and protocol noncompletion (4.9%) during 180-day follow-up were highest among high-income countries (all P <0.01). After adjustment for race, geographic region, and clinical characteristics, compared with lower-middle-income countries, enrollment from higher income countries was associated with increased 30-day mortality or rehospitalization (high income: odds ratio, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02-2.85; upper-middle-income: odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.23-3.81), driven by higher rates of rehospitalization. Mortality was similar at 30 and 180 days. The association between higher country income and the 30-day composite end point was similar across geographic regions, with exception of Latin America ( P for interaction, 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In this global acute heart failure trial, patients from higher income countries had lower rates of protocol completion, higher rates of adverse events, and similar mortality rates. After adjustment for race, geographic region, and clinical factors, enrollment from a higher income country was associated with worse clinical outcomes, driven by higher rates of rehospitalization. Variation in enrolling country income level may influence study end points and trial performance independent of geographic region. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00475852.

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Published In

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

DOI

EISSN

1941-7705

Publication Date

October 2018

Volume

11

Issue

10

Start / End Page

e004783

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Treatment Outcome
  • Time Factors
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Risk Factors
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Research Subjects
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Patient Selection
  • Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
  • Natriuretic Agents
 

Citation

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Greene, S. J., Hernandez, A. F., Sun, J.-L., Butler, J., Armstrong, P. W., Ezekowitz, J. A., … Mentz, R. J. (2018). Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 11(10), e004783. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004783
Greene, Stephen J., Adrian F. Hernandez, Jie-Lena Sun, Javed Butler, Paul W. Armstrong, Justin A. Ezekowitz, Faiez Zannad, et al. “Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 11, no. 10 (October 2018): e004783. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004783.
Greene SJ, Hernandez AF, Sun J-L, Butler J, Armstrong PW, Ezekowitz JA, et al. Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018 Oct;11(10):e004783.
Greene, Stephen J., et al. “Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, vol. 11, no. 10, Oct. 2018, p. e004783. Pubmed, doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004783.
Greene SJ, Hernandez AF, Sun J-L, Butler J, Armstrong PW, Ezekowitz JA, Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Coles A, Metra M, Voors AA, Califf RM, O’Connor CM, Mentz RJ. Relationship Between Enrolling Country Income Level and Patient Profile, Protocol Completion, and Trial End Points. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018 Oct;11(10):e004783.

Published In

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes

DOI

EISSN

1941-7705

Publication Date

October 2018

Volume

11

Issue

10

Start / End Page

e004783

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Treatment Outcome
  • Time Factors
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Risk Factors
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Research Subjects
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Patient Selection
  • Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
  • Natriuretic Agents