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Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions

Publication ,  Journal Article
Yavorsky, JE; Keister, LA; Qian, Y; Nau, M
Published in: American Sociological Review
February 1, 2019

A growing body of research documents the importance of studying households in the top one percent of U.S. income distribution because they control enormous resources. However, little is known about whose income—men’s or women’s—is primarily responsible for pushing households into the one percent and whether women have individual pathways to earning one percent status based on their income. Using the 1995 to 2016 Surveys of Consumer Finances, we analyze gender income patterns in the one percent. Results show that women’s income is sufficient for one percent status in only 1 in 20 of all elite households. Although self-employment and higher education increase the likelihood that women will personally earn sufficient income for one percent status, marrying a man with good income prospects is a woman’s main route to the one percent. In contrast, men’s one percent status is most closely associated with their own characteristics (self-employment and higher education). Importantly, the gender gap in personally earning one percent income has not narrowed since the mid- to late-1990s, indicating another area in which gender progress has stalled. This research suggests that men retain most of the primary breadwinning positions in top income households and that a financial glass ceiling remains firmly intact at the one percent level.

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Published In

American Sociological Review

DOI

EISSN

1939-8271

ISSN

0003-1224

Publication Date

February 1, 2019

Volume

84

Issue

1

Start / End Page

54 / 81

Related Subject Headings

  • Sociology
  • 4410 Sociology
  • 1608 Sociology
 

Citation

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Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Yavorsky, J. E., Keister, L. A., Qian, Y., & Nau, M. (2019). Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418820702
Yavorsky, J. E., L. A. Keister, Y. Qian, and M. Nau. “Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions.” American Sociological Review 84, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418820702.
Yavorsky JE, Keister LA, Qian Y, Nau M. Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions. American Sociological Review. 2019 Feb 1;84(1):54–81.
Yavorsky, J. E., et al. “Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions.” American Sociological Review, vol. 84, no. 1, Feb. 2019, pp. 54–81. Scopus, doi:10.1177/0003122418820702.
Yavorsky JE, Keister LA, Qian Y, Nau M. Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions. American Sociological Review. 2019 Feb 1;84(1):54–81.
Journal cover image

Published In

American Sociological Review

DOI

EISSN

1939-8271

ISSN

0003-1224

Publication Date

February 1, 2019

Volume

84

Issue

1

Start / End Page

54 / 81

Related Subject Headings

  • Sociology
  • 4410 Sociology
  • 1608 Sociology