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Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Dorling, JL; Ravussin, E; Redman, LM; Bhapkar, M; Huffman, KM; Racette, SB; Das, SK; Apolzan, JW; Kraus, WE; Höchsmann, C; Martin, CK ...
Published in: Eur J Nutr
April 2021

PURPOSE: Calorie restriction (CR) is an effective treatment for obesity-related liver and metabolic disease. However, CR studies in individuals without obesity are needed to see if CR could delay disease onset. Liver biomarkers indicate hepatic health and are linked to cardiometabolic disease. Our aim was to examine the effects of a 2-year CR intervention on liver biomarkers in healthy individuals without obesity. METHODS: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study was a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Overall, 218 participants (body mass index: 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were enrolled into a control group (n = 75) that ate ad libitum (AL), or a CR group (n = 143) that aimed to decrease energy intake by 25%. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin were measured during the trial. RESULTS: At month 24, relative to the AL group, ALP (- 7 ± 1 IU/L; P < 0.01) and GGT (- 0.11 ± 0.04 log IU/L; P = 0.02) decreased and bilirubin increased (0.21 ± 0.06 log mg/dL; P < 0.01) in the CR group; no between-group differences in ALT (- 1 ± 1 IU/L; P > 0.99) or AST (2 ± 2 IU/L; P = 0.68) were revealed. However, sex-by-treatment-by-time interactions (P < 0.01) were observed, with CR (vs. control) inducing reduced ALT and GGT and increased AST in men only (P ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In metabolically healthy individuals without obesity, 2 years of CR improves several liver biomarkers, with potentially greater improvements in men. These data suggest that sustained CR may improve long-term liver and metabolic disease risk in healthy adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00427193). Registered January 2007.

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Published In

Eur J Nutr

DOI

EISSN

1436-6215

Publication Date

April 2021

Volume

60

Issue

3

Start / End Page

1633 / 1643

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Nutrition & Dietetics
  • Male
  • Liver
  • Humans
  • Energy Intake
  • Caloric Restriction
  • Biomarkers
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Alanine Transaminase
  • Adult
 

Citation

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Dorling, J. L., Ravussin, E., Redman, L. M., Bhapkar, M., Huffman, K. M., Racette, S. B., … CALERIE Phase 2 Study Group, . (2021). Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr, 60(3), 1633–1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02361-7
Dorling, James L., Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Manju Bhapkar, Kim M. Huffman, Susan B. Racette, Sai K. Das, et al. “Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial.Eur J Nutr 60, no. 3 (April 2021): 1633–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02361-7.
Dorling JL, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Bhapkar M, Huffman KM, Racette SB, et al. Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Apr;60(3):1633–43.
Dorling, James L., et al. “Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial.Eur J Nutr, vol. 60, no. 3, Apr. 2021, pp. 1633–43. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02361-7.
Dorling JL, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Bhapkar M, Huffman KM, Racette SB, Das SK, Apolzan JW, Kraus WE, Höchsmann C, Martin CK, CALERIE Phase 2 Study Group. Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Apr;60(3):1633–1643.
Journal cover image

Published In

Eur J Nutr

DOI

EISSN

1436-6215

Publication Date

April 2021

Volume

60

Issue

3

Start / End Page

1633 / 1643

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Nutrition & Dietetics
  • Male
  • Liver
  • Humans
  • Energy Intake
  • Caloric Restriction
  • Biomarkers
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Alanine Transaminase
  • Adult