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Done wrong or said wrong? Young children understand the normative directions of fit of different speech acts.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Rakoczy, H; Tomasello, M
Published in: Cognition
November 2009

Young children use and comprehend different kinds of speech acts from the beginning of their communicative development. But it is not clear how they understand the conventional and normative structure of such speech acts. In particular, imperative speech acts have a world-to-word direction of fit, such that their fulfillment means that the world must change to fit the word. In contrast, assertive speech acts have a word-to-world direction of fit, such that their fulfillment means that the word must fit the world truly. In the current study, 3-year-olds understood this difference explicitly, as they directed their criticisms selectively to actors when they did not follow the imperatives of the speaker, but to speakers when they did not describe an actor's actions correctly. Two-year-olds criticized appropriately in the case of imperatives, but showed a more ambiguous pattern in the case of assertions. These findings identify another domain in which children's normative understanding of human activity emerges around the third year of life.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Cognition

DOI

EISSN

1873-7838

ISSN

0010-0277

Publication Date

November 2009

Volume

113

Issue

2

Start / End Page

205 / 212

Related Subject Headings

  • Speech Perception
  • Speech
  • Male
  • Language Tests
  • Language
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Concept Formation
  • Cognition
 

Citation

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ICMJE
MLA
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Rakoczy, H., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Done wrong or said wrong? Young children understand the normative directions of fit of different speech acts. Cognition, 113(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.013
Rakoczy, Hannes, and Michael Tomasello. “Done wrong or said wrong? Young children understand the normative directions of fit of different speech acts.Cognition 113, no. 2 (November 2009): 205–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.013.
Rakoczy, Hannes, and Michael Tomasello. “Done wrong or said wrong? Young children understand the normative directions of fit of different speech acts.Cognition, vol. 113, no. 2, Nov. 2009, pp. 205–12. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.07.013.
Journal cover image

Published In

Cognition

DOI

EISSN

1873-7838

ISSN

0010-0277

Publication Date

November 2009

Volume

113

Issue

2

Start / End Page

205 / 212

Related Subject Headings

  • Speech Perception
  • Speech
  • Male
  • Language Tests
  • Language
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Concept Formation
  • Cognition