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Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Patel, K; Lamm, R; Altshuler, P; Dang, H; Shah, AP
Published in: International journal of molecular sciences
September 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, limiting their options for treatment. While current treatments are adequate for lower staged disease, available systemic treatments are limited, with marginal benefit at best. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, effective in treating liquid tumors such as B-cell lymphoma, presents a potentially promising treatment option for advanced HCC. However, new challenges specific to solid tumors, such as tumor immunoanatomy or the immune cell presence and position anatomically and the tumor microenvironment, need to be defined and overcome. Immunotherapy currently in use must be re-engineered and re-envisioned to treat HCC with the hopes of ushering in an answer to advanced stage solid tumor disease processes. Future therapy options must address the uniqueness of the tumors under the umbrella of HCC. This review strives to summarize HCC, its staging system, current therapy and immunotherapy medications currently being utilized or studied in the treatment of HCC with the hopes of highlighting what is being done and suggesting what needs to be done in the future to champion this therapy as an effective option.

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Published In

International journal of molecular sciences

DOI

EISSN

1422-0067

ISSN

1422-0067

Publication Date

September 2020

Volume

21

Issue

18

Start / End Page

E6757

Related Subject Headings

  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • T-Lymphocytes
  • Liver Neoplasms
  • Immunotherapy
  • Humans
  • Chemical Physics
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  • B-Lymphocytes
  • 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
  • 3107 Microbiology
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Patel, K., Lamm, R., Altshuler, P., Dang, H., & Shah, A. P. (2020). Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(18), E6757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186757
Patel, Keyur, Ryan Lamm, Peter Altshuler, Hien Dang, and Ashesh P. Shah. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy.International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 2020): E6757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186757.
Patel K, Lamm R, Altshuler P, Dang H, Shah AP. Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 Sep;21(18):E6757.
Patel, Keyur, et al. “Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy.International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 21, no. 18, Sept. 2020, p. E6757. Epmc, doi:10.3390/ijms21186757.
Patel K, Lamm R, Altshuler P, Dang H, Shah AP. Hepatocellular Carcinoma-The Influence of Immunoanatomy and the Role of Immunotherapy. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 Sep;21(18):E6757.

Published In

International journal of molecular sciences

DOI

EISSN

1422-0067

ISSN

1422-0067

Publication Date

September 2020

Volume

21

Issue

18

Start / End Page

E6757

Related Subject Headings

  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • T-Lymphocytes
  • Liver Neoplasms
  • Immunotherapy
  • Humans
  • Chemical Physics
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
  • B-Lymphocytes
  • 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
  • 3107 Microbiology