Ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical considerations and experimental frontiers.
Over the past several decades, ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has emerged as a powerful technique for in situ and operando investigations of chemical reactions under relevant ambient atmospheres far from ultra-high vacuum conditions. This review focuses on exemplary cases of APXPS experiments, giving special consideration to experimental techniques, challenges, and limitations specific to distinct condensed matter interfaces. We discuss APXPS experiments on solid/vapor interfaces, including the special case of 2D films of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride on metal substrates with intercalated gas molecules, liquid/vapor interfaces, and liquid/solid interfaces, which are a relatively new class of interfaces being probed by APXPS. We also provide a critical evaluation of the persistent limitations and challenges of APXPS, as well as the current experimental frontiers.
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- Fluids & Plasmas
- 5104 Condensed matter physics
- 4018 Nanotechnology
- 4016 Materials engineering
- 1007 Nanotechnology
- 0912 Materials Engineering
- 0204 Condensed Matter Physics
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
ISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Related Subject Headings
- Fluids & Plasmas
- 5104 Condensed matter physics
- 4018 Nanotechnology
- 4016 Materials engineering
- 1007 Nanotechnology
- 0912 Materials Engineering
- 0204 Condensed Matter Physics