Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases.
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint modulator and a major target of immunotherapy as anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of PD-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). PD-1 has been implicated in CNS disorders such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cognitive function, and pain. PD-1 signaling suppresses the CNS immune response via resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Notably, PD-1 is also widely expressed in neurons and suppresses neuronal activity via downstream Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 and modulation of ion channel function. An improved understanding of PD-1 signaling in the cross-talk between glial cells, neurons, and peripheral immune cells in the CNS will shed light on immunomodulation, neuromodulation, and novel strategies for treating brain diseases.
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Related Subject Headings
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Neurology & Neurosurgery
- Neuroglia
- Microglia
- Humans
- Central Nervous System
- Brain Diseases
- 5202 Biological psychology
- 3209 Neurosciences
- 1702 Cognitive Sciences
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Neurology & Neurosurgery
- Neuroglia
- Microglia
- Humans
- Central Nervous System
- Brain Diseases
- 5202 Biological psychology
- 3209 Neurosciences
- 1702 Cognitive Sciences