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Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Öz, G; Deelchand, DK; Wijnen, JP; Mlynárik, V; Xin, L; Mekle, R; Noeske, R; Scheenen, TWJ; Tkáč, I ...
Published in: NMR Biomed
January 10, 2020

Conventional proton MRS has been successfully utilized to noninvasively assess tissue biochemistry in conditions that result in large changes in metabolite levels. For more challenging applications, namely, in conditions which result in subtle metabolite changes, the limitations of vendor-provided MRS protocols are increasingly recognized, especially when used at high fields (≥3 T) where chemical shift displacement errors, B0 and B1 inhomogeneities and limitations in the transmit B1 field become prominent. To overcome the limitations of conventional MRS protocols at 3 and 7 T, the use of advanced MRS methodology, including pulse sequences and adjustment procedures, is recommended. Specifically, the semiadiabatic LASER sequence is recommended when TE values of 25-30 ms are acceptable, and the semiadiabatic SPECIAL sequence is suggested as an alternative when shorter TE values are critical. The magnetic field B0 homogeneity should be optimized and RF pulses should be calibrated for each voxel. Unsuppressed water signal should be acquired for eddy current correction and preferably also for metabolite quantification. Metabolite and water data should be saved in single shots to facilitate phase and frequency alignment and to exclude motion-corrupted shots. Final averaged spectra should be evaluated for SNR, linewidth, water suppression efficiency and the presence of unwanted coherences. Spectra that do not fit predefined quality criteria should be excluded from further analysis. Commercially available tools to acquire all data in consistent anatomical locations are recommended for voxel prescriptions, in particular in longitudinal studies. To enable the larger MRS community to take advantage of these advanced methods, a list of resources for these advanced protocols on the major clinical platforms is provided. Finally, a set of recommendations are provided for vendors to enable development of advanced MRS on standard platforms, including implementation of advanced localization sequences, tools for quality assurance on the scanner, and tools for prospective volume tracking and dynamic linear shim corrections.

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Published In

NMR Biomed

DOI

EISSN

1099-1492

Publication Date

January 10, 2020

Start / End Page

e4236

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
  • 4003 Biomedical engineering
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences
  • 0903 Biomedical Engineering
  • 0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry
 

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Öz, G., Deelchand, D. K., Wijnen, J. P., Mlynárik, V., Xin, L., Mekle, R., … Experts’ Working Group on Advanced Single Voxel 1H MRS, . (2020). Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR Biomed, e4236. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4236
Öz, Gülin, Dinesh K. Deelchand, Jannie P. Wijnen, Vladimír Mlynárik, Lijing Xin, Ralf Mekle, Ralph Noeske, Tom W. J. Scheenen, Ivan Tkáč, and Ivan Experts’ Working Group on Advanced Single Voxel 1H MRS. “Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations.NMR Biomed, January 10, 2020, e4236. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4236.
Öz G, Deelchand DK, Wijnen JP, Mlynárik V, Xin L, Mekle R, et al. Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR Biomed. 2020 Jan 10;e4236.
Öz, Gülin, et al. “Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations.NMR Biomed, Jan. 2020, p. e4236. Pubmed, doi:10.1002/nbm.4236.
Öz G, Deelchand DK, Wijnen JP, Mlynárik V, Xin L, Mekle R, Noeske R, Scheenen TWJ, Tkáč I, Experts’ Working Group on Advanced Single Voxel 1H MRS. Advanced single voxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques in humans: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR Biomed. 2020 Jan 10;e4236.
Journal cover image

Published In

NMR Biomed

DOI

EISSN

1099-1492

Publication Date

January 10, 2020

Start / End Page

e4236

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
  • 4003 Biomedical engineering
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences
  • 0903 Biomedical Engineering
  • 0304 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry