Skip to main content
Journal cover image

Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Howell, B; McIntyre, CC
Published in: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
July 2021

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a promising tool for modulating neural activity, but tES has poor penetrability and spatiotemporal resolution compared to invasive techniques like deep brain stimulation (DBS). Interferential strategies for alternating-current stimulation (IF-tACS) and pulsed/intersectional strategies for transcranial direct-current stimulation (IS-tDCS) address some of the limitations of tES, but the comparative advantages and disadvantages of these new techniques is not well understood. This study's objective was to evaluate the suprathreshold and subthreshold membrane dynamics of neurons in response to IF-tACS and IS-tDCS.We analyzed the biophysics of IF-tACS and IS-tDCS using a bioelectric field model of tES. Neural responses were quantified for suprathreshold generation of action potentials in axons and for subthreshold modulation of membrane dynamics in spiking pyramidal neurons.IF-tACS and IS-tDCS could not directly activate axons at or below 10 mA, but within this current range, these fields were able to modulate, albeit indirectly, spiking activity in the neuron model. IF-tACS facilitated phase synchronization similar to tACS, and IS-tDCS enhanced and suppressed spiking activity similar to tDCS; however, in either case, the modulatory effects of these fields were less potent than their standard counterparts at a matched field intensity. Moreover, neither IF-tACS nor IS-tDCS improved the spatial selectivity of their parent strategies.Enhancing the spatiotemporal precision and penetrability of tES with interferential and intersectional strategies is possible at the human scale. However, IF-tACS or IS-tDCS will likely require spatial multiplexing with multiple simultaneous sources to counteract their reduced potency, compared to standard techniques, to maintain stimulation currents at tolerable levels.

Altmetric Attention Stats
Dimensions Citation Stats

Published In

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society

DOI

EISSN

1525-1403

ISSN

1094-7159

Publication Date

July 2021

Volume

24

Issue

5

Start / End Page

843 / 853

Related Subject Headings

  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
  • Neurons
  • Neurology & Neurosurgery
  • Humans
  • Feasibility Studies
  • 3209 Neurosciences
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 1109 Neurosciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Howell, B., & McIntyre, C. C. (2021). Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale. Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 24(5), 843–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.13137
Howell, Bryan, and Cameron C. McIntyre. “Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale.Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society 24, no. 5 (July 2021): 843–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.13137.
Howell B, McIntyre CC. Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society. 2021 Jul;24(5):843–53.
Howell, Bryan, and Cameron C. McIntyre. “Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale.Neuromodulation : Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, vol. 24, no. 5, July 2021, pp. 843–53. Epmc, doi:10.1111/ner.13137.
Howell B, McIntyre CC. Feasibility of Interferential and Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Neuromodulation at the Human Scale. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society. 2021 Jul;24(5):843–853.
Journal cover image

Published In

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society

DOI

EISSN

1525-1403

ISSN

1094-7159

Publication Date

July 2021

Volume

24

Issue

5

Start / End Page

843 / 853

Related Subject Headings

  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
  • Neurons
  • Neurology & Neurosurgery
  • Humans
  • Feasibility Studies
  • 3209 Neurosciences
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1702 Cognitive Sciences
  • 1109 Neurosciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences