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Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Bonnewell, JP; Rubach, MP; Madut, DB; Carugati, M; Maze, MJ; Kilonzo, KG; Lyamuya, F; Marandu, A; Kalengo, NH; Lwezaula, BF; Mmbaga, BT ...
Published in: JAMA Netw Open
December 1, 2021

IMPORTANCE: Severity scores are used to improve triage of hospitalized patients in high-income settings, but the scores may not translate well to low- and middle-income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score, derived in 2017, compared with other illness severity scores for predicting in-hospital mortality among adults with febrile illness in northern Tanzania. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prognostic study used clinical data collected for the duration of hospitalization among patients with febrile illness admitted to Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre or Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital in Moshi, Tanzania, from September 2016 through May 2019. All adult and pediatric patients with a history of fever within 72 hours or a tympanic temperature of 38.0 °C or higher at screening were eligible for enrollment. Of 3761 eligible participants, 1132 (30.1%) were enrolled in the parent study; of those, 597 adults 18 years or older were included in this analysis. Data were analyzed from December 2019 to September 2021. EXPOSURES: Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) assessment, and UVA. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was in-hospital mortality during the same hospitalization as the participant's enrollment. Crude risk ratios and 95% CIs for in-hospital death were calculated using log-binomial risk regression for proposed score cutoffs for each of the illness severity scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for estimating the risk of in-hospital death was calculated for each score. RESULTS: Among 597 participants, the median age was 43 years (IQR, 31-56 years); 300 participants (50.3%) were female, 198 (33.2%) were HIV-infected, and in-hospital death occurred in 55 (9.2%). By higher risk score strata for each score, compared with lower risk strata, risk ratios for in-hospital death were 3.7 (95% CI, 2.2-6.2) for a MEWS of 5 or higher; 2.7 (95% CI, 0.9-7.8) for a NEWS of 5 or 6; 9.6 (95% CI, 4.2-22.2) for a NEWS of 7 or higher; 4.8 (95% CI, 1.2-20.2) for a qSOFA score of 1; 15.4 (95% CI, 3.8-63.1) for a qSOFA score of 2 or higher; 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2-5.2) for a SIRS score of 2 or higher; 9.1 (95% CI, 2.7-30.3) for a UVA score of 2 to 4; and 30.6 (95% CI, 9.6-97.8) for a UVA score of 5 or higher. The AUROCs, using all ordinal values, were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80-0.90) for the UVA score, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.87) for the NEWS, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69-0.82) for the MEWS, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67-0.79) for the qSOFA score, and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56-0.71) for the SIRS score. The AUROC for the UVA score was significantly greater than that for all other scores (P < .05 for all comparisons) except for NEWS (P = .08). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This prognostic study found that the NEWS and the UVA score performed favorably compared with other illness severity scores in predicting in-hospital mortality among a hospitalized cohort of adults with febrile illness in northern Tanzania. Given its reliance on readily available clinical data, the UVA score may have utility in the triage and prognostication of patients admitted to the hospital with febrile illness in low- to middle-income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa.

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Published In

JAMA Netw Open

DOI

EISSN

2574-3805

Publication Date

December 1, 2021

Volume

4

Issue

12

Start / End Page

e2136398

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Vital Signs
  • Tanzania
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Risk Factors
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • ROC Curve
  • Prospective Studies
  • Prognosis
  • Predictive Value of Tests
 

Citation

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Bonnewell, J. P., Rubach, M. P., Madut, D. B., Carugati, M., Maze, M. J., Kilonzo, K. G., … Crump, J. A. (2021). Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019. JAMA Netw Open, 4(12), e2136398. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36398
Bonnewell, John P., Matthew P. Rubach, Deng B. Madut, Manuela Carugati, Michael J. Maze, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Furaha Lyamuya, et al. “Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.JAMA Netw Open 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): e2136398. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36398.
Bonnewell, John P., et al. “Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.JAMA Netw Open, vol. 4, no. 12, Dec. 2021, p. e2136398. Pubmed, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36398.
Bonnewell JP, Rubach MP, Madut DB, Carugati M, Maze MJ, Kilonzo KG, Lyamuya F, Marandu A, Kalengo NH, Lwezaula BF, Mmbaga BT, Maro VP, Crump JA. Performance Assessment of the Universal Vital Assessment Score vs Other Illness Severity Scores for Predicting Risk of In-Hospital Death Among Adult Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania, 2016-2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Dec 1;4(12):e2136398.

Published In

JAMA Netw Open

DOI

EISSN

2574-3805

Publication Date

December 1, 2021

Volume

4

Issue

12

Start / End Page

e2136398

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Vital Signs
  • Tanzania
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Risk Factors
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • ROC Curve
  • Prospective Studies
  • Prognosis
  • Predictive Value of Tests