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Risk factors and outcomes of culture-proven acute Coccidioides spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Jenks, JD; Reed, SL; Hoenigl, M
Published in: Mycoses
June 2020

BACKGROUND: Coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungi endemic to parts of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Infection can cause a range of disease from self-limited acute pneumonia to severe disseminated disease. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of medical records of cases of culture-proven acute coccidioidomycosis at the University of California San Diego between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2019 and described the demographics, risk factors and outcomes of these cases. RESULTS: Over the study period, fifteen evaluable cases of culture-proven acute coccidioidomycosis were identified. Of these, 87% (13/15) had traditional risk factors for coccidioidomycosis infection while two lacked known risk factors, including one patient with cirrhosis and one with chronic hepatitis C infection. Seven of fifteen (47%) had primary coccidioidomycosis of the lungs without dissemination and 7/15 (47%) disseminated disease. Of those with disseminated disease, 6/7 (86%) had either high-risk ethnicity or blood type as their only risk factor. At 90 days, 11/15 (73%) were alive, 3/15 (20%) deceased and 1/15 (7%) lost to follow-up. Of those not alive at 90 days, 1/3 (33%) had disseminated disease and 2/3 (67%) primary coccidioidomycosis, both on immunosuppressive therapy. DISCUSSION: Coccidioides spp. infection occurs in a variety of hosts with varying underlying risk factors, with the majority in our cohort overall and 86% with disseminated disease lacking traditional risk factors for invasive fungal infection other than ethnicity and/or blood phenotype. Clinicians should be aware of these non-traditional risk factors in patients with coccidioidomycosis infection.

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Published In

Mycoses

DOI

EISSN

1439-0507

Publication Date

June 2020

Volume

63

Issue

6

Start / End Page

553 / 557

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Risk Factors
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Qualitative Research
  • Middle Aged
  • Microbiology
  • Medical Records
  • Male
  • Lung
  • Humans
 

Citation

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ICMJE
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Jenks, J. D., Reed, S. L., & Hoenigl, M. (2020). Risk factors and outcomes of culture-proven acute Coccidioides spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States. Mycoses, 63(6), 553–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13074
Jenks, Jeffrey D., Sharon L. Reed, and Martin Hoenigl. “Risk factors and outcomes of culture-proven acute Coccidioides spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States.Mycoses 63, no. 6 (June 2020): 553–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.13074.
Jenks, Jeffrey D., et al. “Risk factors and outcomes of culture-proven acute Coccidioides spp. infection in San Diego, California, United States.Mycoses, vol. 63, no. 6, June 2020, pp. 553–57. Pubmed, doi:10.1111/myc.13074.
Journal cover image

Published In

Mycoses

DOI

EISSN

1439-0507

Publication Date

June 2020

Volume

63

Issue

6

Start / End Page

553 / 557

Location

Germany

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Risk Factors
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Qualitative Research
  • Middle Aged
  • Microbiology
  • Medical Records
  • Male
  • Lung
  • Humans