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Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Russell, KE; Perkins, PC; Hoffman, MR; Miller, RT; Walker, KM; Fuller, FJ; Sellon, DC
Published in: Virology
June 20, 1999

Thrombocytopenia is a consistent finding and one of the earliest hematological abnormalities in horses acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus. Multifactorial mechanisms, including immune-mediated platelet destruction and impaired platelet production, are implicated in the pathogenesis of EIAV-associated thrombocytopenia. This study was undertaken to investigate whether regenerative thrombopoiesis and platelet destruction occurred in ponies acutely infected with EIAV. Circulating large, immature platelets were increased in ponies acutely infected with EIAV late in the infection when platelet count was at a nadir. Morphometric analysis of bone marrow from acutely infected ponies revealed significant increased in megakaryocyte area and megakaryocyte nuclear area. A trend toward increased numbers of megakaryocytes was also observed. Platelets from acutely infected ponies had increased surface-bound fibrinogen and ultrastructural changes consistent with in vivo platelet activation. Platelets also had hypofunctional aggregation responses to three agonists in vitro. We conclude that thrombocytopenia in ponies acutely infected with EIAV is regenerative and suggest that bone marrow platelet production is not severely compromised in these ponies. Our findings reveal that in vivo platelet activation occurs in ponies acutely infected with EIAV, and as a result platelets are hypofunctional in vitro. Activation of platelets in vivo may cause platelet degranulation or formation of platelet aggregates, which would result in removal of these damages platelets from circulation. This may represent a form of nonimmune-mediated platelet destruction in ponies acutely infected with EIAV.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Virology

DOI

ISSN

0042-6822

Publication Date

June 20, 1999

Volume

259

Issue

1

Start / End Page

7 / 19

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Virology
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Platelet Activation
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
  • Humans
  • Equine Infectious Anemia
  • Blood Platelets
  • Animals
  • 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
  • 31 Biological sciences
 

Citation

APA
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ICMJE
MLA
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Russell, K. E., Perkins, P. C., Hoffman, M. R., Miller, R. T., Walker, K. M., Fuller, F. J., & Sellon, D. C. (1999). Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional. Virology, 259(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.9737
Russell, K. E., P. C. Perkins, M. R. Hoffman, R. T. Miller, K. M. Walker, F. J. Fuller, and D. C. Sellon. “Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional.Virology 259, no. 1 (June 20, 1999): 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.9737.
Russell KE, Perkins PC, Hoffman MR, Miller RT, Walker KM, Fuller FJ, et al. Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional. Virology. 1999 Jun 20;259(1):7–19.
Russell, K. E., et al. “Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional.Virology, vol. 259, no. 1, June 1999, pp. 7–19. Pubmed, doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9737.
Russell KE, Perkins PC, Hoffman MR, Miller RT, Walker KM, Fuller FJ, Sellon DC. Platelets from thrombocytopenic ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus are activated in vivo and hypofunctional. Virology. 1999 Jun 20;259(1):7–19.
Journal cover image

Published In

Virology

DOI

ISSN

0042-6822

Publication Date

June 20, 1999

Volume

259

Issue

1

Start / End Page

7 / 19

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Virology
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Platelet Activation
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
  • Humans
  • Equine Infectious Anemia
  • Blood Platelets
  • Animals
  • 32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
  • 31 Biological sciences