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The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Grocott, HP; Sato, Y; Homi, HM; Smith, BE
Published in: Eur J Anaesthesiol
May 2005

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Xenon may have favourable applications in the setting of cardiac surgery. Its advantages include a desirable haemodynamic profile as well as potential cardiac and neuroprotective properties. However, its low solubility may lead to enhanced diffusion into enclosed gas spaces. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of xenon (Xe), nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) on gas bubble size during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Rats were randomized to receive 70% Xe, 26% oxygen (O2), 4% carbon dioxide (CO2) (xenon group); 70% N2O, 26% O2, 4% CO2 (nitrous oxide group) or 70% N2, 26% O2, 4% CO2 (nitrogen group) during 90 min of normothermic CPB. Small gas bubbles (300-500 microL; n = 12 per group) were injected into a bubble chamber on the venous side of the bypass circuit. After 10 min of equilibration, they were removed for volumetric analysis. RESULTS: The increase in bubble size was 2 +/- 2% with nitrogen, 17 +/- 6% with xenon (P = 0.0192 vs. nitrogen) and 63 +/- 23% with nitrous oxide (P = 0.0001 vs. nitrogen). The nitrous oxide group had significantly increased bubble size compared to the xenon group (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: During CPB, xenon anaesthesia produced a small increase in gas bubble size compared to nitrogen. Nitrous oxide resulted in significantly larger bubbles compared to both nitrogen and xenon.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Eur J Anaesthesiol

DOI

ISSN

0265-0215

Publication Date

May 2005

Volume

22

Issue

5

Start / End Page

353 / 358

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Xenon
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Rats
  • Particle Size
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Nitrogen
  • Microbubbles
  • Male
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hemoglobins
 

Citation

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Grocott, H. P., Sato, Y., Homi, H. M., & Smith, B. E. (2005). The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 22(5), 353–358. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265021505000608
Grocott, H. P., Y. Sato, H. M. Homi, and B. E. Smith. “The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass.Eur J Anaesthesiol 22, no. 5 (May 2005): 353–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265021505000608.
Grocott HP, Sato Y, Homi HM, Smith BE. The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 May;22(5):353–8.
Grocott, H. P., et al. “The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass.Eur J Anaesthesiol, vol. 22, no. 5, May 2005, pp. 353–58. Pubmed, doi:10.1017/s0265021505000608.
Grocott HP, Sato Y, Homi HM, Smith BE. The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 May;22(5):353–358.

Published In

Eur J Anaesthesiol

DOI

ISSN

0265-0215

Publication Date

May 2005

Volume

22

Issue

5

Start / End Page

353 / 358

Location

England

Related Subject Headings

  • Xenon
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Rats
  • Particle Size
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Nitrogen
  • Microbubbles
  • Male
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hemoglobins