Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres.
Publication
, Journal Article
Gortmaker, SL; Kagan, J; Caspi, A; Silva, PA
Published in: Developmental psychobiology
September 1997
An extreme degree of shyness in young children is a temperamental trait under modest genetic influence and characterized by distinct physiological profiles. Data from both the United States and New Zealand indicate that maternal exposure to short daylength during pregnancy, especially the midpoint of gestation, predicts an increased risk of subsequent shy behavior in children. Estimates of attributable risk indicate that approximately one-quarter of shyness prevalence can be linked to pregnancy during times of reduced daylength. This phenomenon might be mediated by changing concentrations of melatonin, serotonin, or other neurotransmitters or corticoids that are known to covary with seasonal variations in daylength.
Duke Scholars
Altmetric Attention Stats
Dimensions Citation Stats
Published In
Developmental psychobiology
DOI
EISSN
1098-2302
ISSN
0012-1630
Publication Date
September 1997
Volume
31
Issue
2
Start / End Page
107 / 114
Related Subject Headings
- United States
- Temperament
- Shyness
- Risk Factors
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Pregnancy
- Personality Assessment
- New Zealand
- Male
- Longitudinal Studies
Citation
APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
NLM
Gortmaker, S. L., Kagan, J., Caspi, A., & Silva, P. A. (1997). Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres. Developmental Psychobiology, 31(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199709)31:2<107::aid-dev3>3.0.co;2-o
Gortmaker, S. L., J. Kagan, A. Caspi, and P. A. Silva. “Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres.” Developmental Psychobiology 31, no. 2 (September 1997): 107–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199709)31:2<107::aid-dev3>3.0.co;2-o.
Gortmaker SL, Kagan J, Caspi A, Silva PA. Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres. Developmental psychobiology. 1997 Sep;31(2):107–14.
Gortmaker, S. L., et al. “Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres.” Developmental Psychobiology, vol. 31, no. 2, Sept. 1997, pp. 107–14. Epmc, doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199709)31:2<107::aid-dev3>3.0.co;2-o.
Gortmaker SL, Kagan J, Caspi A, Silva PA. Daylength during pregnancy and shyness in children: results from northern and southern hemispheres. Developmental psychobiology. 1997 Sep;31(2):107–114.
Published In
Developmental psychobiology
DOI
EISSN
1098-2302
ISSN
0012-1630
Publication Date
September 1997
Volume
31
Issue
2
Start / End Page
107 / 114
Related Subject Headings
- United States
- Temperament
- Shyness
- Risk Factors
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Pregnancy
- Personality Assessment
- New Zealand
- Male
- Longitudinal Studies