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Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Graff, DW; Cascio, WE; Rappold, A; Zhou, H; Huang, Y-CT; Devlin, RB
Published in: Environ Health Perspect
July 2009

BACKGROUND: There is ample epidemiologic and toxicologic evidence that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution [aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM(2.5))], which derives primarily from combustion processes, can result in increased mortality and morbidity. There is less certainty as to the contribution of coarse PM (PM(2.5-10)), which derives from crustal materials and from mechanical processes, to mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether coarse PM causes cardiopulmonary effects, we exposed 14 healthy young volunteers to coarse concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and filtered air. Coarse PM concentration averaged 89.0 microg/m(3) (range, 23.7-159.6 microg/m(3)). Volunteers were exposed to coarse CAPs and filtered air for 2 hr while they underwent intermittent exercise in a single-blind, crossover study. We measured pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic end points before exposure, immediately after exposure, and again 20 hr after exposure. RESULTS: Compared with filtered air exposure, coarse CAP exposure produced a small increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 20 hr postexposure, indicating mild pulmonary inflammation. We observed no changes in pulmonary function. Blood tissue plasminogen activator, which is involved in fibrinolysis, was decreased 20 hr after exposure. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), a measure of overall heart rate variability, also decreased 20 hr after exposure to CAPs. CONCLUSIONS: Coarse CAP exposure produces a mild physiologic response in healthy young volunteers approximately 20 hr postexposure. These changes are similar in scope and magnitude to changes we and others have previously reported for volunteers exposed to fine CAPs, suggesting that both size fractions are comparable at inducing cardiopulmonary changes in acute exposure settings.

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Published In

Environ Health Perspect

DOI

EISSN

1552-9924

Publication Date

July 2009

Volume

117

Issue

7

Start / End Page

1089 / 1094

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Toxicology
  • Particulate Matter
  • Particle Size
  • Male
  • Lung
  • Humans
  • Heart Rate
  • Female
  • Cross-Over Studies
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Graff, D. W., Cascio, W. E., Rappold, A., Zhou, H., Huang, Y.-C., & Devlin, R. B. (2009). Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults. Environ Health Perspect, 117(7), 1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp0900558
Graff, Donald W., Wayne E. Cascio, Ana Rappold, Haibo Zhou, Yuh-Chin T. Huang, and Robert B. Devlin. “Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults.Environ Health Perspect 117, no. 7 (July 2009): 1089–94. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp0900558.
Graff DW, Cascio WE, Rappold A, Zhou H, Huang Y-CT, Devlin RB. Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Jul;117(7):1089–94.
Graff, Donald W., et al. “Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults.Environ Health Perspect, vol. 117, no. 7, July 2009, pp. 1089–94. Pubmed, doi:10.1289/ehp0900558.
Graff DW, Cascio WE, Rappold A, Zhou H, Huang Y-CT, Devlin RB. Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Jul;117(7):1089–1094.

Published In

Environ Health Perspect

DOI

EISSN

1552-9924

Publication Date

July 2009

Volume

117

Issue

7

Start / End Page

1089 / 1094

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Young Adult
  • Toxicology
  • Particulate Matter
  • Particle Size
  • Male
  • Lung
  • Humans
  • Heart Rate
  • Female
  • Cross-Over Studies