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Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean

Publication ,  Journal Article
Shon, ZH; Davis, D; Chen, G; Grodzinsky, G; Bandy, A; Thornton, D; Sandholm, S; Bradshaw, J; Stickel, R; Chameides, W; Kok, G; Russell, L ...
Published in: Atmospheric Environment
January 1, 2001

A total of 16 boundary layer (BL) DMS flux values were derived from flights over the Southern Ocean. DMS flux values were derived from airborne observations recorded during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1). The latitude range covered was 55°S-40°S. The method of evaluation was based on the mass-balance photochemical-modeling (MBPCM) approach. The estimated flux for the above latitude range was 0.4-7.0 μmol m-2 d-1. The average value from all data analyzed was 2.6±1.8 μmol m-2 d-1. A comparison of the MBPCM methodology with several other DMS flux methods (e.g., ship and airborne based) revealed reasonably good agreement in some cases and significant disagreement in other cases. Considering the limited number of cases compared and the fact that conditions for the comparisons were far from ideal, it is not possible to conclude that major agreement or differences have been established between these methods. A major result from this study was the finding that DMS oxidation is a major source of BL SO2 over the Southern Ocean. Model simulations suggest that, on average, the conversion efficiency is 0.7 or higher, given a lifetime for SO2 of approximately 1 d. A comparison of two sulfur case studies, one based on DMS-SO2 data generated on the NCAR C-130 aircraft, the other based on data recorded on the NOAA ship Discoverer, revealed qualitative agreement in finding that DMS was a major source of Southern Ocean SO2. On the other hand, significant disagreement was found regarding the DMS/SO2 conversion efficiency (e.g., 0.3-0.5 versus 0.7-0.9). Although yet unknown factors, such as vertical mixing, may be involved in reducing the level of disagreement, it does appear at this time that some significant portion of this difference may be related to systematic differences in the two different techniques employed to measure SO2. It would seem prudent, therefore, that further instrument intercomparison SO2 studies be considered. It also would be desirable to stage new intercomparison activity between the MBPCM flux approach and the air-to-sea gradient as well as other flux methods, but under far more favorable conditions.

Duke Scholars

Published In

Atmospheric Environment

DOI

ISSN

1352-2310

Publication Date

January 1, 2001

Volume

35

Issue

1

Start / End Page

159 / 172

Related Subject Headings

  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • 4011 Environmental engineering
  • 3702 Climate change science
  • 3701 Atmospheric sciences
  • 0907 Environmental Engineering
  • 0401 Atmospheric Sciences
  • 0104 Statistics
 

Citation

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MLA
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Shon, Z. H., Davis, D., Chen, G., Grodzinsky, G., Bandy, A., Thornton, D., … Eisele, F. (2001). Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean. Atmospheric Environment, 35(1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00166-7
Shon, Z. H., D. Davis, G. Chen, G. Grodzinsky, A. Bandy, D. Thornton, S. Sandholm, et al. “Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean.” Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 159–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00166-7.
Shon ZH, Davis D, Chen G, Grodzinsky G, Bandy A, Thornton D, et al. Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean. Atmospheric Environment. 2001 Jan 1;35(1):159–72.
Shon, Z. H., et al. “Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean.” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 35, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 159–72. Scopus, doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00166-7.
Shon ZH, Davis D, Chen G, Grodzinsky G, Bandy A, Thornton D, Sandholm S, Bradshaw J, Stickel R, Chameides W, Kok G, Russell L, Mauldin L, Tanner D, Eisele F. Evaluation of the DMS flux and its conversion to SO2 over the southern ocean. Atmospheric Environment. 2001 Jan 1;35(1):159–172.
Journal cover image

Published In

Atmospheric Environment

DOI

ISSN

1352-2310

Publication Date

January 1, 2001

Volume

35

Issue

1

Start / End Page

159 / 172

Related Subject Headings

  • Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
  • 4011 Environmental engineering
  • 3702 Climate change science
  • 3701 Atmospheric sciences
  • 0907 Environmental Engineering
  • 0401 Atmospheric Sciences
  • 0104 Statistics