Countering tumor-induced immunosuppression during immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
BACKGROUND: Vaccines for pancreatic cancer have been challenged by a number of factors, especially the immunosuppressive microenvironment within the tumor that allows for escape from immune surveillance. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: We sought to identify results that define mechanisms of pancreatic-cancer-associated immunosuppression and strategies that might be useful to overcome them thereby resulting in effective immune responses to cancer vaccines capable of deleting pancreatic cancer cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg) reside in tumors, and their products along with tumor derived products (such as VEGF, TGFbeta and IL-10), create a microenvironment that counters immune activation and attack. Immunotherapy with cancer vaccines must include strategies to modulate these immunosuppressive cell types and tumor byproducts. Clinical trials are beginning to test these strategies.
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Related Subject Headings
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
- Immunotherapy
- Immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Humans
- Animals
- 3206 Medical biotechnology
- 11 Medical and Health Sciences
Citation
Published In
DOI
EISSN
Publication Date
Volume
Issue
Start / End Page
Location
Related Subject Headings
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
- Immunotherapy
- Immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Humans
- Animals
- 3206 Medical biotechnology
- 11 Medical and Health Sciences