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Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Rozmus, G; Daubert, JP; Huang, DT; Rosero, S; Hall, B; Francis, C
Published in: J Interv Card Electrophysiol
June 2005

Venous complications of pacemaker/ implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system implantation rarely cause immediate clinical problems. The challenge starts when patients come for system revision or upgrade. Numerous reports of venous complications such as stenosis, occlusions, and superior vena cava syndrome have been published. We reviewed current knowledge of these complications, management, and their impact on upgrade/revision procedures. One study has suggested that intravenous lead infection promotes local vein stenosis. Another found that the presence of a temporary wire before implantation is associated with an increased risk of stenosis. Although data for ICD leads is based only on three studies-it suggests that the rate of venous complications is very similar to that of pacing systems, and probably data from pacing leads can be extrapolated to ICD leads. Despite 40 years of experience with transcutaneous implanted intravenous pacing systems and dozens of studies, we were unable to identify clear risk factors (confirmed by independent studies) that lead to venous stenosis. Neither the hardware (lead size, number and material) nor the access site choice (cephalic cut down, subclavian or axillary puncture) appears to affect rate of venous complications. A few factors were proposed as predictors of severe venous stenosis/occlusion: presence of multiple pacemaker leads (compared to a single lead), use of hormone therapy, personal history of venous thrombosis, the presence of temporary wire before implantation, previous presence of a pacemaker (ICD as an upgrade) and the use of dual-coil leads. Anticoagulant therapy (for other reasons than pacemaker lead) seemed to have protective antithrombotic effect.

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Published In

J Interv Card Electrophysiol

DOI

ISSN

1383-875X

Publication Date

June 2005

Volume

13

Issue

1

Start / End Page

9 / 19

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Venous Thrombosis
  • Upper Extremity
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Survival Rate
  • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
  • Risk Assessment
  • Prognosis
  • Phlebography
  • Pacemaker, Artificial
 

Citation

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Rozmus, G., Daubert, J. P., Huang, D. T., Rosero, S., Hall, B., & Francis, C. (2005). Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 13(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-005-1140-1
Rozmus, Grzegorz, James P. Daubert, David T. Huang, Spencer Rosero, Burr Hall, and Charles Francis. “Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators.J Interv Card Electrophysiol 13, no. 1 (June 2005): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-005-1140-1.
Rozmus G, Daubert JP, Huang DT, Rosero S, Hall B, Francis C. Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jun;13(1):9–19.
Rozmus, Grzegorz, et al. “Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators.J Interv Card Electrophysiol, vol. 13, no. 1, June 2005, pp. 9–19. Pubmed, doi:10.1007/s10840-005-1140-1.
Rozmus G, Daubert JP, Huang DT, Rosero S, Hall B, Francis C. Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jun;13(1):9–19.
Journal cover image

Published In

J Interv Card Electrophysiol

DOI

ISSN

1383-875X

Publication Date

June 2005

Volume

13

Issue

1

Start / End Page

9 / 19

Location

Netherlands

Related Subject Headings

  • Venous Thrombosis
  • Upper Extremity
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Survival Rate
  • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
  • Risk Assessment
  • Prognosis
  • Phlebography
  • Pacemaker, Artificial